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Era of Good Feelings: 1815-1829

Era of Good Feelings: 1815-1829.

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Era of Good Feelings: 1815-1829

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  1. Era of Good Feelings: 1815-1829 • After the War of 1812, the “Era of Good Feelings” followed. During the time period, the United States continued to grow and develop and experienced a strong sense of nationalism. However, as the nation grew and became more unified in some respects, it also became more divided. Sectionalism began to emerge. • “Era of Good Feelings” = misleading • Sectionalism is a strong sense of loyalty to a state or region instead of the whole country.

  2. Era of Good Feelings: 1815-1829 • Three factors that helped unify the nation: • 1) The two-party system: Federalist party fades, Republicans dominate politics in every section. It is several years before a new political party, the Whigs, would come into play. The Whigs were a political party formed to oppose the ideas of President Andrew Jackson. Both parties ran campaigns that attracted interest and increased the numbers of those voting and involved in national issues. • 2) The market economy and interstate commerce: helped stimulate economic growth nationwide. Revolutions in transportation and technology led to industrialization and urbanization. Southern and western crops were exchanged for northern manufactured goods.

  3. Era of Good Feelings: 1815-1829 • Senator Henry Clay, supported by John Quincy Adams, designed a legislative program called the “American System”. The program benefited all regions of the country and unified the nation by: • Establishing a better national transportation system to aid trade and national defense • Setting the first protective tariff (Tariff of 1816) to encourage American manufacturing and provide funds for improved national transportation networks • Created a (second) national bank to promote the necessary financial support. • 3) Decisions of Marshall Court: encouraged national economy by expanding interstate commerce and protecting validity of contracts (Gibbons v. Ogden)

  4. Panic of 1819 • Fractures the Era of Good Feelings • First major financial panic since the ratification of the Constitution • Largely because of the 2nd National Bank’s attempts to tighten credit to control inflation. • Large increases in unemployment, bankruptcies, and debt • Westerners began calling for land reform.

  5. Political Changes • Federalist party ceases to be a national party and fails to nominate a candidate in 1820 • Division within the Republican party between “Old” and “New” Republicans. • After Monroe’s 2nd term expired, 4 Republicans sought election in 1824. • Election of 1824 resulted in splitting the Republican party…2 new parties (Democrats and Whigs…more about that later)

  6. Growth of Western Settlement • By 1822, population west of the Appalachians had doubled …growth was caused by several factors: • Acquisition of Native American lands due to victories during the war of 1812 • Economic pressures due to economic difficulties in the North and the need for fertile planting ground in the South • Improved transportation • Immigrants were attracted to the US by cheap land in the Great Lakes and the Ohio, Cumberland, and Mississippi River valleys

  7. New Land= New Issues • Westerners could not agree whether or not to permit slavery in the new territories • In 1819, Missouri applied for statehood, slavery issue became an angry debate • Allowing another slave or free state into the Union would upset the balance of power in the Senate • 11 Slave States, 11 Free States (Senate) • 108 Northern Representatives vs. 81 Southern Representatives (House)

  8. The Missouri Compromise (1820) • Tallmadge Amendment proposed: would allow for Missouri to enter the Union if… • The further introduction of slaves is prohibited • Children of slaves in Missouri would be emancipated at age 25 • Henry Clay proposed 3 bills that together were the Missouri Compromise: • Missouri admitted as a slave state • Maine admitted as a free state • Slavery was not allowed in the rest of the Louisiana Territory north of latitude 36˚ 30’ • Missouri Compromise delayed the issue of slavery for several years, but highlighted how Americans were torn between nationalism and sectionalism

  9. Canada • Rush-Bagot Agreement (1817) • Major disarmament agreement created the longest unfortified boundary in the world • Treaty of 1818 • Shared fishing rights off the coast of Newfoundland • Joint occupation of the Oregon Territory for 10 years • Northern border of the US is at 49th parallel

  10. Florida • After the War of 1812, Spain had difficulty governing Florida because its troops were needed elsewhere in Latin America • Groups of Seminoles, runaway slaves, and white outlaws would raid US territories then go back to Fl. • General Andrew Jackson led a force of militia to stop the raids • Spain turned over Florida and its claims in the Oregon Territory to the US in exchange for the US giving up territorial claims in Texas (Florida Purchase Treaty 1819)

  11. The Monroe Doctrine • December 2, 1823, as a result of anti-republic and democratic movements in Europe, Pres. Monroe issued a statement warning against European involvement in the Western Hemisphere • “the American continents…are henceforth not to be considered as subjects for future colonization by any European powers”. • Monroe Doctrine would eventually become the cornerstone of US foreign policy toward Latin America

  12. The North: Urbanization and Industrialization

  13. The North: Urbanization & Industrialization

  14. The North: Urbanization & Industrialization

  15. The South: The Cotton Economy & Slavery • 1) South has good conditions for farming. • 2) The South develops an economy based on farming and slavery • 3) Invention of the cotton gin by Eli Whitney makes cotton manufacturing more profitable. • 4) Industrial Revolution leads to growing textile industry which needs cotton to make cloth • 5) Cotton becomes the most valuable product in the south. • 6) Rich landowners create huge plantations, relying on slave labor to grow cotton.

  16. The South: The Cotton Economy & Slavery • What was life like under slavery? • Slaves regarded as property, not people • Slaves had no control over their own lives • Slaves were at the mercy of slaveholders • Slaves worked from sunrise to sunset • Slaves could not legally marry • Slave families were sold and frequently broken up • Religion was important to slaves and their culture • Rebellions: • escape, self-mutilation, sabotage, work slowdowns, open rebellions were rare

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