Why Focus on Nutrition

1. Why Focus on Nutrition ?

2. The Problem Long term detrimental effects on growth, health, cognitive and educational outcomes Malnutrition leads to decrease in productivity

3. Child Mortality and Malnutrition

4. The Problem Moderately and severely malnourished children are 5 to 8 times more likely to die than adequately nourished children Even children with mild malnutrition who form the majority of children in the community, have a greater risk of death than children who are normally nourished

5. Causes of Child Mortality 5 in 6 malnutrition-related deaths due to mild and moderate malnutrition

6. What is Malnutrition ? �Malnutrition� refers an excess or a deficiency of one or more types of nutrients in the body Excess is referred to "over-nutrition" and deficiency to "under-nutrition� In context of children in developing countries, it refers mainly to undernutrition

7. What is Malnutrition ? The immediate reason for inadequate growth is a deficiency of basics elements of diet, made worse by infections Symptoms and signs of deficiencies in specific nutrients, such as anemia, from iron deficiency, and night blindness, from vitamin A deficiency

8. What is the extent of malnutrition ? About 47% of children under the age of three are underweight and 46% are stunted 74% of children between the ages of 6-35 months suffer from anemia About 36% of women 15-49 years are undernourished Prevalence of anemia among women is about 52%

9. What are the causes of malnutrition ? What can be done it prevent it ?

10. Causes of Malnutrition

11. The Maternal and Child Nutrition Link

12. Malnutrition began before mother become pregnant

13. What can be done?: Improving the nutrition of the girl child and adolescent Preventing malnutrition in the girl child under two years of age Ensuring that adolescents are well-nourished IFA supplementation

14. Nutrition needs are high

15. Maternal undernutrition can lead to an undernourished baby Most of the weight gain of the baby in the womb occurs in the last few months of pregnancy Poor diet and heavy physical work with inadequate rest Mother is not well-nourished during pregnancy, she is unable to provide sufficient nutrients for the body stores of the child

16. Maternal undernutrition can lead to an undernourished baby Iron deficiency causes anemia and severe anemia can lead to maternal and perinatal deaths Folic acid deficiency in early pregnancy leads to birth defects (neural tube defects) Vitamin C deficiency leads to anemia Dietary iodine deficiency during pregnancy hinders development of the fetus

17. What can be done ? : More food and rest during pregnancy Increase the amount of food by eating 4 to 5 small meals spread across the day Eat a variety of foods including animal products if feasible Consume IFA supplements Use iodized salt in food Rest for about 1 to 2 hours�

18. Answer available for healthy mother and healthy baby in IKP Nutrition center

19. What do they do here? All the pregnant and lactating mothers from POP and Poor families are listed. Calculated the requirement of foods as per ICMR standards per day. Divided the proportion of nutrients for one meal Calculated the cost of one meal with all the food groups included. Prepared the proposals to get sanction under Social CIFs in IKP.

20. Contd.. Ensure each beneficiary share their contribution @ Rs 2 per meal. Members of VO came forwarded to cook the food on rotation. Opportunity was given to a needy woman to cook the food who will have food at the nutrition center itself towards sparing her time for preparation. Preparation of food is kept ready between 9.00-11.00 am to ensure that women have food before they go for work or at their preferred time.

21. Contd.. Creates an environment that gives more relaxing environment as all the women come and have food together at one place Get time to know more about child care and maternal care issues through health education sessions conducted by health activists when they come to center.

22. Contd.. Ensures complete ANC , Institutional delivery and postpartum care. Change in the practice of use of more of green leafy vegetable in their regular diets at home also with the knowledge they acquired. Birth weight of the baby is more than 2.5 Kgs Detection of risk pregnancies if any identified and referred for tertiary care. Strengthen the institutions at all levels(SHG/VO/MS/ZS)

23. Measures for sustainability Encourage to enhance beneficiary contribution to Rs 4 per meal. Negotiations with WD&CW to divert the funds for supplementary foods allocated to pregnant and lactating mothers.(1.40 per day per beneficiary) Release of Rs 1000/ available under Janani Suraksha Yojana to VOs. Sanction of land under land development component of IKP and its development under CLDP of govt of AP and use them for cultivation of vegetable gardens.The profits from them will be used continuously for running nutrition centers.

24. Contd.. Approach donors for one time grant of Rs 500000 per center which will be used as corpus and the interest accumulated will be used to meet the monthly expenditure. Encourage the all the members of SHGs to save in kind or cash to provide food to the needy pregnant and lactating mothers.

25. Pre-requisites to establish a Nutrition center Strong Institution building Food security in place. Health and Nutrition mandal where health activists are positioned to educate mothers about preventive and promotive health care measures. Contribution from beneficiary Capacity of the SHG/VO to contribute as a social obligation to ensure improved nutritional status of their own community.

26. Thank you