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Course

Astronomy 101 The Solar System Tuesday, Thursday 2:30-3:45 pm Hasbrouck 20 Tom Burbine tomburbine@astro.umass.edu. Course. Course Website: http://blogs.umass.edu/astron101-tburbine/ Textbook: Pathways to Astronomy (2nd Edition) by Stephen Schneider and Thomas Arny .

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  1. Astronomy 101The Solar SystemTuesday, Thursday2:30-3:45 pmHasbrouck 20Tom Burbinetomburbine@astro.umass.edu

  2. Course • Course Website: • http://blogs.umass.edu/astron101-tburbine/ • Textbook: • Pathways to Astronomy (2nd Edition) by Stephen Schneider and Thomas Arny. • You also will need a calculator.

  3. Office Hours • Mine • Tuesday, Thursday - 1:15-2:15pm • Lederle Graduate Research Tower C 632 • Neil • Tuesday, Thursday - 11 am-noon • Lederle Graduate Research Tower B 619-O

  4. Homework • We will use Spark • https://spark.oit.umass.edu/webct/logonDisplay.dowebct • Homework will be due approximately twice a week

  5. Astronomy Information • Astronomy Help Desk • Mon-Thurs 7-9pm • Hasbrouck 205 • The Observatory should be open on clear Thursdays • Students should check the observatory website at: http://www.astro.umass.edu/~orchardhill for updated information • There's a map to the observatory on the website.

  6. Final • Monday - 12/14 • 4:00 pm • Hasbrouck 20

  7. HW #18 and #19 • Due today

  8. Registered Students A or A- B+, B, or B- C+, C, or C- Class Average D+ or D F Without Dropping Lowest Grades Median Grade is an 81 Exam Average

  9. Four Science Goals of NASA's long-term Mars Exploration Program: • Determine whether Life ever arose on Mars • Characterize the Climate of Mars • Characterize the Geology of Mars • Prepare for Human Exploration

  10. Mars Pathfinder • Landed July 4, 1997 • Weight - 870 kg • Lasted 3 months • Discovery Mission

  11. Objectives of Mars Pathfinder • Discovery Mission - To prove that the development of "faster, better and cheaper" spacecraft is possible (with three years for development and a cost under US $150 million). • To show that it is possible to send a load of scientific instruments to another planet with a simple system and at one fifth the cost of a Viking mission. • To demonstrate NASA's commitment to low-cost planetary exploration finishing the mission with a total expenditure of US$ 280 million, including the launch vehicle and mission operations.

  12. Sojourner Rover is investigating Yogi the Rock

  13. Spirit and Opportunity • I used to live in an Orphanage.It was dark and cold and lonely.At night, I looked up at the sparkly sky and felt better.I dreamed I could fly there.In America, I can make all my dreams come true.....Thank-you for the "Spirit" and the "Opportunity"— Sofi Collis, age 9

  14. Spirit landed in Gusev Crater – appeared basaltic • Opportunity landed on Meridiani Planum – appeared to have lots of sedimentary rock

  15. Spirit

  16. Rover tracks

  17. Made by the RAT – Rock Abrasion Tool

  18. Husband Hill

  19. Opportunity

  20. Opportunity Ledge Rocks seem layered. Either due to sediments or volcanic ash

  21. Hematite (Fe2O3) formed as deposits in water?

  22. Spirit and Opportunity- now • Both completed their planned 90-day missions • Both have completed over 2,100 days • Still functioning • Spirit has a broken wheel • Opportunity’s shoulder joint on its robotic arm is broken • Spirit is now stuck in soft soil

  23. Taken by Spirit http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:PIA05547-Spirit_Rover-Earth_seen_from_Mars.png

  24. Phoenix • Part of Mars Scout program • First mission run by a university • Landed near Martian North Pole • Dig trenches to search for water • Launched August 4, 2007 • Landed May 25, 2008 • Mission concluded November 10, 2008 http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Image:Phoenix_landing.jpg

  25. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Image:Phoenix_Lander_seen_from_MRO_during_EDL2.jpghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Image:Phoenix_Lander_seen_from_MRO_during_EDL2.jpg

  26. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Image:Patterned_ground_devon_island.jpghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Image:Patterned_ground_devon_island.jpg Devon Island • This polygonal cracking is similar to patterns seen in permafrost areas • A likely formation mechanism is that • ice contracts when the temperature decreases, creating a polygonal pattern of cracks • When the temperature rises and the ice expands back to its former volume, it can’t assume its former shape • It then buckle upwards. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Image:Phoenix_mission_horizon_stitched_high_definition.jpg

  27. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Image:Evaporating_ice_on_Mars_Phoenix_lander_image.jpghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Image:Evaporating_ice_on_Mars_Phoenix_lander_image.jpg

  28. Terrestrial Planets • Have different surface properties • Due to size of the planet • Distance from Sun • Speed of Planetary Rotation

  29. Meteors

  30. Shaping Planetary Surfaces • Impact Cratering • Volcanism • Tectonics • Erosion

  31. Cratering Meteor Crater, Arizona http://www.solarviews.com/eng/tercrate.htm

  32. Galle Crater, Mars

  33. Mercury http://geologyindy.byu.edu/eplanet/chapter_5.htm

  34. Callisto (Moon of Jupiter) http://ase.tufts.edu/cosmos/view_picture.asp?id=726

  35. Earth’s atmosphere • Small asteroids burn up in the Earth’s atmosphere before they hit the ground • Any craters that do form are quickly eroded by weather generated in the atmosphere

  36. Volcanism

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