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F.P. Muga II, Ph.D. Senior Fellow, CenPEG Assoc. Prof., ADMU Math Dept.

MORE THAN 3 MILLION VOTERS WERE DISENFRANCHISED BY THE FIRST PARTY RULE. F.P. Muga II, Ph.D. Senior Fellow, CenPEG Assoc. Prof., ADMU Math Dept. The Philippine Party List System. A System of Proportional Representation. The Party List is a System of Proportional Representation.

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F.P. Muga II, Ph.D. Senior Fellow, CenPEG Assoc. Prof., ADMU Math Dept.

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  1. MORE THAN 3 MILLION VOTERS WERE DISENFRANCHISED BY THE FIRST PARTY RULE F.P. Muga II, Ph.D. Senior Fellow, CenPEG Assoc. Prof., ADMU Math Dept.

  2. The Philippine Party List System A System of Proportional Representation

  3. The Party List is a System of Proportional Representation • A voter is entitled to ONE VOTE • MANY SEATS are at stake • more than 50 seats in the Philippines • The allocation of seats must be FAIR. • Popularly known as the party-list proportional representation system. • Affirm by RA 7941 (Declaration of Policy)

  4. The Party List Proportional System Worldwide • In 69 countries with pure party-list or mixed-member proportional systems • Two Main Allocation Formulas • Largest remainder method • Highest average method

  5. PRINCIPLE OF PROPORTIONAL REPRESENTATION • Share of seats = share of votes • Expected no. of seats = • Share of votes x total no. of seats

  6. Qualifying Threshold or Formal Vote Threshold • Germany: 5% • Norway: 4% • Poland: 7% • Denmark: 2% • Philippines: 2% • Belgium, Peru and Switzerland: 0% • Expected no. of seats = • (No. of votes/Total Qualified Votes) x total no. of seats

  7. 10 years of the Philippine Party-List System Failing Mark?

  8. Philippine Party-List System • declares to promote proportional representation (Sec. 2, RA 7941) • enable participation from the marginalized and underrepresented sectors • 20% of the total number of representatives • 2% qualifying threshold • 3-seat cap • 2-4-6 Comelec Rule in 1998, 2001, 2004 and First Party Rule in 2007

  9. Allocation of Party-List Seats in Congress from 1998-2007

  10. Principle of Proportional Representation • Expected Number of Seats = • Share of Votes x Total PL Seats

  11. 1,169,338 VOTES BUHAY IN 2007

  12. 2007 Party List Election (C.R. 33)

  13. Disenfranchised Voters

  14. Reasons Why there is failure to reach the 20% mandate, less representation of the marginalized and violation of the Principle of Proportional Representation • Use of Formula: • 2-4-6 Comelec and First Party Rule (Panganiban) • Ceiling: 3-seats • Floor and Divisor: 2%

  15. Recommendation • Reject the 2-4-6 Comelec Rule and the First Party Rule (Panganiban) • Remove the 3-seat cap and the 2% Divisor • Use the Largest Remainder Method

  16. LR Method with 2% Qualifying Threshold (2007 PL Election)

  17. LR Method with No Qualifying Threshold: Top 19

  18. LR Method with No Qualifying Threshold: Next 23 Qualifying Threshold At 2 % : 18 parties At 0%: 42 parties

  19. THANK YOU

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