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Final/Summative Assignment Brandy Chevalier Student #060923

Eating Disorders. Final/Summative Assignment Brandy Chevalier Student #060923 04:757 Education of Children with Behavioural Disorders II Mary-Anne Ploshynsky August, 2012. Introduction. Eating disorders are constantly glamorized by the media

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Final/Summative Assignment Brandy Chevalier Student #060923

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  1. Eating Disorders Final/Summative Assignment Brandy Chevalier Student #060923 04:757 Education of Children with Behavioural Disorders II Mary-Anne Ploshynsky August, 2012

  2. Introduction • Eating disorders are constantly glamorized by the media • People who have high social status are portrayed to have obsessions with slenderness as well (Kauffman & Landrum, 2013) (upside of inertia, 2010)

  3. Anorexia Nervosa and Bulimia Nervosa demand the most attention from society (Macera & Mizes, 2006; Wilson, Becker & Heffernan, 2003) • Anorexia and bulimia are considered to be predominantly a problem of adolescent females (Robb & Dadson, 2002). (Eating Disorder Community, 2012)

  4. Anorexia Nervosa • Obsession with low body weight • Fear of gaining weight • Extremely anxious about getting “fat” • Go to extreme lengths to achieve a low body weight • Females suffer more often from anorexia nervosa in comparison to males at a rate of 3:1 • (Kauffman & Landrum, 2013) (Helm, 2009)

  5. Bulimia Nervosa • Binge eating followed by an offsetting behavior • Offsetting behaviors include self-induced vomiting, use of laxatives/enemas or extra exercise • Binges are often kept secret • (Kauffman & Landrum, 2013) (Heart, 2010)

  6. Psychological and Behavioral Signs of Anorexia and Bulimia • According to the American Psychiatric Association’s Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders IV (2000), anorexia nervosa and bulimia nervosa can manifest in the following psychological ways, which varies from one patient to the next: • May withdraw socially, be irritable, have insomnia, and experience reduced libido • Most people with eating disorders suffer severe forms of anxiety • People with eating disorders are often perfectionists • People suffering from anorexia nervosa are often obsessed with food, they may collect recipes or hoard food • People with anorexia are often uncomfortable eating in public

  7. Physical Symptoms Anorexia & Bulimia • Emaciation • Amenorrhea • Hyperactivity • Wear layers of bulky clothing • Appear to be younger than their actual age • Atrophied breasts • Dry skin with a yellow tinge • Lanugo • Bulimics often have scarred fingers, tooth decay, extreme oral sensitivity • (HealthCommunities.com, 2011)

  8. Anorexia & Bulimia Indications Many signs point towards a risk of developing an eating disorder. Parents, health care providers, teachers and coaches should look for the following, especially in teenagers: • Weighing 15% below normal • Eating in secret (bulimia) • Vomiting after eating (bulimia) • Using medications, laxatives or diet pills (bulimia) • Chewing and then spitting out food • Experiencing amenorrhea • Having fear of gaining weight • Being uncomfortable with comments regarding weight (HealthCommunities.com, 2011)

  9. Anorexia & Bulimia Indications Continued…. • Weighing oneself often • Experiencing mood changes after eating/weighing • Feeling dissatisfied with body • Feeling fat even though they are thin • Feeling loss of control when eating • Being uncomfortable eating in front of others (HealthCommunities.com, 2011)

  10. Eating Disorder Signs and Symptoms Specific to a School Setting Throughout the adolescent years, individuals experience sudden variations in both their height and their weight. Girls can gain an average of 40 pounds from age 11 to 14. Educators should be concerned about the student who appears to be “perfect” or strives for perfection. Be concerned and speak with an expert if a student consistently shows one or more of the signs/symptoms listed on the following slides. (NEDA Toolkit for Educators, 2012) http://www.nationaleatingdisorders.org/uploads/file/ETK%20A05%20signs%20symptoms.pdf

  11. Emotional • Expresses body image complaints/concerns: too fat; unable to accept compliments; mood affected by perceived appearance; compares self to others; refers to self negatively; overestimates body size • Talks about dieting • Is overweight but eats small portions in front of others • Is sad/depressed/anxious/feeling worthless • Is target of weight/body bullying • Spends increasing periods of time alone • Is obsessed with maintaining low weight • Reluctant to ask for help • (NEDA Toolkit for Educators, 2012) • http://www.nationaleatingdisorders.org/uploads/file/ETK%20A05%20signs%20symptoms.pdf

  12. Physical • Sudden weight loss/gain/fluctuation • Abdominal pain • Feeling full/bloated • Feeling faint/cold/tired • Dry hair/skin • Dehydration • Blue hands/feet • Lanugo hair • (NEDA Toolkit for Educators, 2012) • http://www.nationaleatingdisorders.org/uploads/file/ETK%20A05%20signs%20symptoms.pdf

  13. Behavioral • Diets; pretends to eat; throws away food; skips meals • Exercises for long • Constantly talks about food • Frequent trips to bathroom • Wears baggy clothes • Fatigued • Dizzy • Avoids cafeteria • Shows some type of compulsive behavior • (NEDA Toolkit for Educators, 2012) • http://www.nationaleatingdisorders.org/uploads/file/ETK%20A05%20signs%20symptoms.pdf

  14. “Don’ts” for Educators Concerned About a Person with an Eating Disorder Keep focus on reality; that eating disorders result in: -Inefficiency -Misery -Alienation -Disturbance of the self and others

  15. Don’t oversimplify. Don’t imply that bulimia nervosa isless serious than anorexia nervosa. Don’t be judgmental Don’t give advice about weight loss, exercise, or appearance. Don’t confront the person as part of a group of people, Don’t diagnose Don’t become the person’s therapist, savior, or victim.

  16. Don’t get into an argument or battle of wills. If the person denies having a problem, simply and calmly: -Repeat what you have observed -Repeat your concern about their health and well-being -Repeat your conviction that the circumstances should be evaluated by a counselor or therapist -End the conversation if it is going nowhere -Take any actions necessary for you to carry out your responsibilities or to protect yourself -If possible, leave the door open for further conversations 10. Don’t be inactive during an emergency: If the person is throwing up several times per day, or passing out, or complaining of chest pain, or is suicidal, get professional help immediately (Levine & Smolak, 2005)

  17. “The Female Athlete Triad (FAT) is a state of imbalance between diet equilibrium, hormone regulation and bone density. And with only one of these slightly out of sync the others will try to adjust often creating a weakness such as going into a state of amenorrhea (menstruation ceases) or getting bone stresses.” All information on this slide retrieved on August 9, 2012 from http://frostysfootsteps.wordpress.com/2011/07/05/female-athlete-triad-fat/

  18. Preventing Eating Disorders in Athletes The following are tips for coaches who deal with adolescents at a risk of developing an eating disorder. Take warning signs of eating disorders seriously Refer athletes who are chronically dieting to a health professional Do not weigh athletes Don’t assume reducing body fat or weight will enhance performance Instruct other coaches and trainers to recognize signs and symptoms of eating disorders and understand their role in prevention.

  19. Provide athletes with accurate information regarding weight, weight loss, body composition, nutrition, and sport performance to reduce misinformation and to challenge unhealthy practices Emphasize the health risks of low weight Understand why weight is such a sensitive and personal issue for women. Eliminate derogatory comments or behaviors about weight – no matter how slight. Do not remove athletic participation if an athlete is found to have eating problems, unless warranted by a medical condition Coaches and trainers should explore their own values and attitudes regarding weight, dieting, and body image, and how their values and attitudes may inadvertently affect their athletes. (Kratina, 2005)

  20. Educational professionals in contact with adolescents who are highly susceptible to acquiring an eating disorder need to be aware of the signs and symptoms of both anorexia nervosa and bulimia nervosa. They must also be aware that the body image ideals that they have set for themselves are evident to their students as are their biases and assumptions that they make relating to appearances. When suspecting that a student is suffering from an eating disorder, educational professionals need to be present for their student while ensuring that they are following necessary professional conduct required of their job and refer that student to a medical professional when it becomes evident that the situation requires medical attention.

  21. References American Psychiatric Association. (2000). Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders. (4thed, text). American Psychiatric Publishing. Eating Disorder Community. (2012). Life with an eating disorder. Retrieved August 9, 2012 from http://www.flickr.com/photos/prettythin/6761603239/ HealthCommunities.com (2011). Eating disorders. Retrieved August 9, 2012 from http://www.healthcommunities.com/eating-disorders/anorexia-bulimia-symptoms.shtml Heart, A. (2010). Self: and you’re my obsession, I love you to the bones. Retrieved August 9, 2012 from http://www.flickr.com/photos/soundlessfall/4713541894/ Helm, D. (2009). Comparison. Retrieved August 9, 2012 from http://www.flickr.com/photos/daniellehelm/3963668758/

  22. Kauffman, J.M., & Landrum, T.J. (2013). Characteristics of emotional and behavioral disorders of children and youth (10th ed.). (pp 281-283). Upper Saddle River: Pearson. Kratina, K. (2005). Tips for coaches: Preventing eating disorders in athletes. Retrieved August 9, 2012 from http://www.nationaleatingdisorders.org/nedaDir/files/documents/ handouts/TipCoach.pdf Levine, M. & Smolka, L. (2005). The role of the educator: Some “don’ts” for educators and others concerned about a person with an eating disorder. Retrieved August 9,2012 from http://www.nationaleatingdisorders.org/uploads/file/information- resources/The%20Role%20of%20the%20Educator- Some%20Don'ts%20for%20Educators%20and%20Others.pdf Macera, M.H., & Mizes, J.S. (2006). Eating disorders. In M. Hersen (Ed.), Clinician’s handbook of child behavioral assessment (pp. 437-457). Boston: Academic.

  23. National Eating Disorders Association. (2012). Information and Resources. Retrieved August 9, 2012 from http://www.nationaleatingdisorders.org/information-resources/ Robb, A.S., & Dadson, M.J. (2002). Eating disorders in males. Child and adolescent psychiatric clinics of north america, 11, 399-418. Upside of inertia. (2010). Masters-apprentice. Retrieved August 9, 2012 from http://www.flickr.com/photos/53748207@N08/5233947439 Wilson, G.T., Becker, C.B., & Heffernan, K. (2003). Eating disorders. In E.J. Mash & R.A. Barkley (eds.).Child psychopathology (2nd ed., pp 687-715). New York: Guilford

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