210 likes | 351 Views
Chapter 4. The Bonds of Empire 1660-1750. Rebellion and War 1660-1713. Introduction Salutary Neglect Charles II 1660-1685 Expansion of trade Regulation of Economic Activities Benefits to English Economy and Commercial Interests. Royal Centralization 1660-1668.
E N D
Chapter 4 The Bonds of Empire 1660-1750
Rebellion and War 1660-1713 • Introduction • Salutary Neglect • Charles II 1660-1685 • Expansion of trade • Regulation of Economic Activities • Benefits to English Economy and Commercial Interests
Royal Centralization 1660-1668 • Charles dreams of Absolute Monarchy similar to France • Massachusetts Charter is revoked • 1686-1688 James II consolidates New England Colonies and abolished legislative assemblies to place authority in the hands of Royal Governor Edmond Andros
The Glorious Revolution in England and America 1688-1689 • 1688-1689- James II forced into exile because of pro-Catholic actions and attempts at absolute rule • William and Mary assume the throne and institute limited monarchy • New England rebels and arrests Andros • New England colonies once again granted colonial charters and allowed to organize assemblies. • Leisler’s Rebellion in New York and Cooke’s uprising in Maryland were also associated with the Glorious Revolution.
A Generation of War 1689-1713 • British and French fought in two separate Wars • King William’s War and Queen Anne’s War • France still controlled America’s interior and colonists sought protection from the Mother country.
Colonial Economies and Societies 1660-1750 • Mercantilist Empires in America • Gold=Wealth=Power • Favorable Balance of Trade • Navigation Acts 1651-1733- All trade must be carried out aboard British-owned ships • Tobacco, rice, indigo, furs, naval stores most go through England first. • The original acts did little to hamper the American economy
Immigration, Population Growth and Diversity • 1.2 million population in British colonies • 60,000 French colonies • 19,000 Spanish colonies • French and Catholics only allowed Catholics • British North America continued to grow rapidly from African immigration in the 1700’s • By 1754 20% of the colonial population was African slaves
Rural White Men and Women • Small farms • Family labor • Self-sufficient
Colonial Farmers and the Environment • Deforestation • Wood used for shelter, heat, fences etc. • Animals became scarce • Soil was depleted because of crops like tobacco with no fertilizer or crop rotation
The Urban Paradox • 4 large cities • Port Cities, Overcrowded, Unsanitary, Epidemics • Philadelphia • New York • Charles Town • Boston
Slavery’s Wages • Stono Rebellion • 1712 and 1741 Slave uprisings
The Rise of Colonial Elites • Wealthy Rural elites • Urban Commercial Elites • Began to imitate their European counterparts
Competing for a Continent 1713-1750 • France and Native Americans • French founded New Orleans 1718 • Farming, Hunting, Fishing and trade with the Indians • Formed alliances with neighboring tribes while crushing those that stood in their way (Natchez)
Native Americans and British Expansion • Tuscarora and Yamasee Wars 1711-1715 vs. Carolinian expansion • Pennsylvania convinced Delaware Indians to move to land adjacent the Iroquois and other eastern tribes were moved west
British Expansion in the South: Georgia • Georgia is the last of the original 13 colonies to be established • Founded by James Oglethorpe • Protected Carolinas from Spain and was a safe haven for debtors from England • German, Swiss, Scottish and Jewish settlers outnumber English • Banned slavery • Restrictions dropped
Spain’s Tenacity • Spanish Empire spread throughout the Southwest and parts of the Southeast • Spain made alliances with tribes they used to attack. Navajo and Apaches • Spanish Outposts and Missions are built including the Alamo • Spain tried to weaken the English colonies by offering freedom to their slaves
The Return of War: 1739-1748 • Britain and Spain fought each other along the Florida-Georgia border 1739 • War of Austrian Succession/King George’s War 1740-1748, New Englanders vs. France
Public Life in British America 1689-1750 • Colonial Politics • English Bill of Rights • Power shifted from Royal Governors to Colonial Assemblies • Colonial Assemblies controlled Royal Governors through their salary • America became more self-governing, at least among the elites • Women, blacks and Indians could not vote • John Peter Zenger was acquitted on charges of libel which enforced freedom of speech.
The Enlightenment • Emphasized reason, science, human improvement • Diesm
The Great Awakening • Christian Revivalism • Jonathan Edwards • William Tennent • Theodore Frelinghuysen • George Whitefield • Christian Colleges- Princeton. Columbia, Brown, Dartmouth