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Hydrocarbons for Domestic Appliances Dr.-Ing. Jürgen Süss suess@danfoss VP R&D

Hydrocarbons for Domestic Appliances Dr.-Ing. Jürgen Süss suess@danfoss.com VP R&D Brussels, October 2009. What is Danfoss?. Safe, approved state of the art technology Environmentally benign refrigerant Energy efficient solution Viable and cost competitive technology

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Hydrocarbons for Domestic Appliances Dr.-Ing. Jürgen Süss suess@danfoss VP R&D

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  1. Hydrocarbons for Domestic Appliances Dr.-Ing. Jürgen Süss suess@danfoss.com VP R&D Brussels, October 2009

  2. What is Danfoss?

  3. Safe, approved state of the art technology Environmentally benign refrigerant Energy efficient solution Viable and cost competitive technology Running mass production Focus on component evolution Over 350 million units globally since 1993 Extended global technology penetration in process Hydrocarbons (HCs)Primarily Isobutane R600a - domestic •  Final refrigerant/application combination • Short term technology changes are not expected • Component supplier concentrates on component development • OEM focuses on continuous appliance enhancement

  4. The Global Warming focus …

  5. GHG emissions of the refrigeration industry MAC DIRECTIVE 2006/40/EC • Mobile Air Conditioning (HFC) • Commercial Refrigeration (Supermarket DX HFC) • Unitary Air Condition/Heat Pump (HFC) • Commercial Air Condition (HFC) • Light Commercial Appliance SME (HFC) • Water Chiller (HFC) • Domestic Refrigerator (HFC) • Domestic Refrigerator (HC) • Energy use for system operation • “Indirect Emissions” • Refrigerant leakage/release • “Direct Emissions”

  6. How to cool right? • Reverse Rankine • Stirling • Magneto caloric refrigeration • Vortex tube • Joule process • Peltier • Steam ejector • Absorption • Adsorption • ………. The traditional compression process offers the best value proposition for HVAC&R industry But which refrigerants and technologies should be use for greatest sustainability?

  7. How do HCs as refrigerants??? Hydro- carbons • Physical properties • Environmentally benign (Low GWP, no ODP, biodegradable)  • Vapor pressure curve (reasonable pressures for application)  • Low viscosity  • Distinct miscibility with lubricants  • Good water solubility  • High electrical breakdown resistance  • Chemical properties • High chemical stability  • Low flammability  • High chemical indifference  • Physiological properties • No toxicity  • noticeable smell  • Economical properties • High energetic coefficient of performance  • Volumetric refrigeration capacity  • Circulating refrigerant mass  • Availability  • Cost

  8. Refrigerants options more flammable more toxic … only 8 elements are really suitable for refrigerant molecules

  9. Montreal Protocol(in force) R404A Kyoto Protocol(wherever we choose to go…) R600a, NH3, air… Ozone Depletion and Global Warming

  10. Bottle coolers Glass door merchandisers 1 door 2 door - to large extend Ice cream freezers/chest freezers Commercial refrigerators and freezers 600 liters and above Where are HCs applied already today?(Besides Domestic applications) • …any self-contained system with up to 150 g of refrigerant charge • …and Industrial Refrigeration – • Petrochemical Industry simple rule of thumb: 1 g HC has the same refrigeration capacity as 2 g HFC

  11. How to push HCs further? • Liability: • Eliminate in a responsible way liability barriers • Technology: • Apply minimal refrigerant charge technologies • Set highest system efficiency standard basedon HC technology • Enhance safe (and efficient) operation by adding intelligence/electronics to systems • More refrigeration capacityout of less refrigerant massin more energy efficient and safe systems…

  12. mobileAC stationary ACheat pumps domestic refrigeration Evaporation temperature lightcommercialrefrigeration commercialrefrigeration industrialrefrigeration Cooling capacity The refrigeration application map Approved application of HCs Longer term Longer term Technical feasibility proven-market acceptance pending

  13. The Danfoss’ way to reduce GHG emissions • Develop low charge and low leakage solutions • Enhance significantly the system’s energy efficiency e.g.by applying variable speed and enhancing component intelligenceas well as Ease of Use concepts … • Support the application of low GWP (natural) refrigerants where commercially viable and technical feasible Nobody wants to save energy, but everybody wants to save/make money

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