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Photosynthesis

Photosynthesis. 6CO 2 + 12 H 2 0 + light C 6 H 12 O 6 + 6H 2 O+6O 2 Light-dependent reaction Photosystem II Electron transport Photosystem I Light-independent reaction (Calvin Cycle) C 4 photosynthesis Video. Leaf structure. Mesophyll cell – where chloroplasts are found

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Photosynthesis

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  1. Photosynthesis • 6CO2 + 12 H20 + light C6H12O6 + 6H2O+6O2 • Light-dependent reaction • Photosystem II • Electron transport • Photosystem I • Light-independent reaction (Calvin Cycle) • C4 photosynthesis • Video

  2. Leaf structure • Mesophyll cell – where chloroplasts are found • Stoma – Opening where gases enter (CO2) and exit (H2O, and O2) the leaf • Guard cells – control the opening of the stoma • Phloem – transports nutrients (mainly sugar) to the rest of the plant Vascular bundle

  3. Chloroplast structure • Stroma – “cytoplasm” of the chloroplast • Thykaloid – where photosynthesis takes place • Granum – stack of thykaloids • Lumen – always refers to the inside of a tube or compartment (in this case the inside of the thykaloid)

  4. Properties of light • High wavelength = low energy • Low wavelength = high energy • Photon = particle of light • Why do things appear a certain color to us?

  5. Light-dependent reaction

  6. How to excite an electron

  7. Photosynthesis – light dependent reaction NADP+ Photosystem I Photosystem II ADP Electron transport system Electron transport system NADPH ATP ATP synthase Chlorophyll a Chlorophyll a & b P680 P700 OH O O H2O 02

  8. Photosynthesis – light independent reaction (Calvin cycle) Carbon dioxide Glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate Glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate 1,3 bisphosphoglycerate 1,3 bisphosphoglycerate O O 3-phosphoglycerate 3-phosphoglycerate C P P P P P P P P P P C C C C C C C C C C C RuBP ADP ADP ATP ATP NADPH NADPH Glucose!!

  9. Photosynthesis – light independent reaction (Calvin cycle) Glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate Glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate P P C C C C C C RuBP

  10. Photorespiration O O • Photorespiration is not good • Happens when plants get too hot • Close their stomata to prevent water loss • What happens to the levels of CO2 and O2 oxygen C C C C C O2 O2 RuBP Calvin Cycle can’t happen CO2

  11. C4 photosynthesis • Light-dependent reaction is the same and takes place in a mesophyll cell still • Before moving onto the Calvin cycle, carbon is fixed into malate (a 4 carbon molecule) • Malate is then transferred to a bundle sheath cell • Malate gives up a carbon to form CO2 • Calvin Cycle occurs normally (but in the bundle sheath cell instead)

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