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Journey Into Earth: Layers, Plates, and Boundaries

Explore Earth's moving plates, layers, and tectonic boundaries in this informative guide. Learn about the Earth's distinct inner layers, plate tectonics, and plate movements through engaging visuals and explanations.

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Journey Into Earth: Layers, Plates, and Boundaries

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  1. Chapter 7-Section 1Earth’s Moving Plates

  2. Layers of the Earth • List the layers of the earth in order from the exterior to the interior- in your notebook • Crust • Lithosphere • Asthenosphere • Mantle • Outer core • Inner core

  3. Geologists must use indirect observations Geologists also study- to gather clues about what Earth’s interior is made of earthquakes and rocks that are exposed at Earth’s surface the speed of waves and the paths they take Certain rocks from different places on the Earth’s surface Clues to Earth’s Interior

  4. Earth’s interior has at least 4 distinct layers inner core, outer core, mantle, and crust Earth’s Layers

  5. Inner core Innermost layer Solid-dense-composed mostly of solid iron Hottest part Experiences the greatest amount of pressure Inner Core

  6. Outer core Lies above the inner core Composed mostly of molten metal liquid Outer Core

  7. Mantle Above the outer core Largest layer Flows slowly-similar to putty 82% of Earth’s total volume Mantle

  8. Crust Earth’s outermost layer Thin compared to other layers Contains all features of the Earth’s surface Crust

  9. Lithosphere Plates- rigid, upper part of Earth’s mantle and the crust broken into about 30 sections, or plates Sections of Earth’s crust and rigid, upper mantle that moves slowly around on the asthenosphere Earth’s Plates-Lithosphere

  10. Plate tectonics • Tectonics – • Theory of plate tectonics – • structural deformation of the Earth's crust (Note: prefix “de” • means to undo) • scientific theory explaining how the plates move on the Earth’s surface

  11. Tectonic Plates • http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=nfziy_860GU

  12. Scientific fact, law, theory • Scientific fact- • Scientific law – • Scientific theory – • statement that is accepted as being true. • statement that describes an observed phenomenon but • does not explain how or why it occurs. • statement that explains a complex idea.

  13. Plate Movement

  14. http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=gyT8Xs6Ab-k

  15. Plate boundaries- Boundaries can form- Faults- Where the edges of different plates meet mountains, huge rift valleys with volcanoes, or faults (which cause earthquakes) large fractures in rocks along which movement occurs Plate Boundaries http://www.learner.org/interactives/dynamicearth/drift.html

  16. http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=mB2pzhWUaiU&feature=related

  17. When plates move apart- New lithosphere and mid-ocean ridges form Volcanic activity Rift valleys Divergent boundary Plates that move apart http://www.learner.org/interactives/dynamicearth/slip3.html

  18. Divergent Boundary

  19. Ocean Basin • Ocean basin • a great depression in the surface of the lithosphere occupied by an ocean • are below sea level. • The Atlantic Ocean has an actively growing ocean basin where as the Pacific Ocean has a actively shrinking ocean basin.

  20. http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=K8blL9Ki2mQ

  21. http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=nfziy_860GU

  22. When plates collide Convergent boundary Plates that collide http://www.learner.org/interactives/dynamicearth/slip2.html

  23. 3 types of convergent plate boundaries • Continental-continental collisions may cause- • Mountains/shallow earthquakes

  24. 3 types of convergent plate boundaries • Continental-oceanic collisions (subduction) may cause- • Earthquake activity, volcanic eruptions, volcanic mountains, tsunamis, ocean trench

  25. 3 types of convergent plate boundaries • Oceanic-oceanic collisions (subduction) may cause- •  earthquakes, oceanic trench, a chain of volcanic islands

  26. Plate subduction- At a convergent boundary-when one plate sinks underneath another plate Plate Subduction http://www.jclahr.com/science/earth_science/animate/subduct.mov

  27. When plates slide past each other transform boundary Causes faults-which leads to earthquakes Plates that slide past http://www.learner.org/interactives/dynamicearth/slip3.html http://www.learner.org/interactives/dynamicearth/plate.html

  28. Ring of Fire • https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=wJS7hGMr0Ws • http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=YqSJDNi7Qzw&feature=related

  29. Scientists suggest Convection currents Why do plates move?

  30. Here is a simulation of convection in the mantle of the earth. Hot rock (yellow) rises and cool rock (blue) falls. The rock is at 1000 to 2000o C and creeps slowly; the rate of motion is a few centimeters per year (the simulation shows millions of years). The convection occurs because of the slow change of density with depth in the upper mantle, and between the 700 and 400 km discontinuities. As a result, a hot zone of rock at the bottom of one of these zones expands enough so its density becomes less than that of the surrounding rock and it rises, or floats, toward the surface of the earth. 

  31. Earth in the Past and Future • https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=uGcDed4xVD4 • https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=38DMH3zP97U

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