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Waves: Materials & Resources

In this experiment, students will use OHEC to determine how water depth affects the speed of water waves. They will design an experiment, collect and analyze data, and draw conclusions based on their findings.

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Waves: Materials & Resources

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  1. Waves: Materials & Resources Mini-Cannon (carbide, forceps, pipette, water) Table of Everything Rope “The Wave” video (BristolSpeedway.TheWave.mp4) Wave Speed uDu(x6): wave tank (gutters), metetr stick, timer, paddle, ruler, bobber, plastic cup, bucket (for filling), siphon tube & 50 ml syringe Ridin’ the Wave labette (laptops, wave-on-string simulator:https://phet.colorado.edu/sims/html/wave-on-a-string/latest/wave-on-a-string_en.html Happy & Unhappy balls Water refraction video (Refraction - Refracción.mp4) Particle Refraction uDu (x6): towel, 1” marble, meter stick Wave Diffraction uDu(x6): plastic tray, 2 blocks (long & short), pitcher & water Open University diffraction video:https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=BH0NfVUTWG4 Nerf gun & target board w/ hole Wave machine Pool balls (2) Tacoma Narrows Bridge video (Tacoma NarrowsBridge.Annotated.SHORT.m4v) Lasers (3 colors), mirror, B&W thermal cans, prism mounted on board or GRIN tank Diffraction gratings (dg10) mounted on stand Wave interference simhttps://phet.colorado.edu/en/simulation/legacy/wave-interference Rainbow of Energies labette (x6): protoboards, 9V battrery, clip leads, LEDs, voltmeter Wave Quiz: violin body & tuning fork, calcite sample

  2. Waves: Introduction INTRODUCTION: What we know so far … • Quantify motion (x, v, a) • Effect of forces on motion (NLs) • Transformation of PE to KE • Transfer of Energy by Work

  3. Waves: Introduction INTRODUCTION: But what other types of energy are released when the cannon is fired? T.O.E. ?

  4. Waves: Introduction INTRODUCTION: But what other types of energy are released when the cannon is fired? • HEAT • SOUND • LIGHT

  5. Waves: Introduction m m OBJECTS: KE = (½) m v2 m

  6. Waves: Introduction m Un-OBJECTS: Rope demo Speedway video m m

  7. Waves: Introduction WAVES: Transfer energy … But not material DO WAVE SPEED uDu HERE

  8. Wave Speed uDu Your task in this uDu is to use OHEC and determine how water depth affects the speed of water waves. Your team will submit its findings in a Wave Speed uDu Report. STEP 1: Based on your previous OBSERVATIONS of waves, make a HYPOTHESIS. As a group, discuss and decide whether deeper water makes waves faster or slower. STEP 2: Design an EXPERIMENT with a method for measuring wave speed using the following equipment:

  9. Wave Speed uDu STEP 3: Do your EXPERIMENT. Collect, analyze and plot your data. At a minimum, measure wave travel times at each of three depths. Do more if you have time. Remember, you need to calculate speed! STEP 4: Reach a CONCLUSION about whether your hypothesis was right. Be sure your conclusion is supported by your data and plot. THIS ISN’T A WATERPARK AND YOU AREN’T 5 YEARS OLD. DO NOT SPLASH WATER OUT OF THE GUTTERS!

  10. Wave Speed uDu CAUTIONS: Beware of sharp edges on the gutters! Short, quick pushes make the best waves. Long, slow pushes make messes — and an unhappy Dr. V On clean up: Be sure to siphon out the gutters almost completely before pouring water into sink. The gutters buckle easily.

  11. Wave Speed uDu EXTRA OBSERVATION (if time permits): Use the plastic cup as a plunger (up & down) at one end of your tank to make repeated waves. Figure out whether the waves get longer or shorter as they get more frequent. Length of Wave Cup

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  13. Wave Speed uDu: Follow-up METHOD: Measure time T required for single wave crest to travel distance D.Speed = D / T. Details: Multiple trials? Metric units? Synchronize timing? Measure depth? Detect end of motion? etc. ! D

  14. Wave Speed uDu: Follow-up KEY OBSERVATIONS — more on these later! • Wave speed increases in deeper water. • Bobber bobbed but did NOT move forward with wave! • Waves got shorter as they got more frequent. Speed (cm/s) Depth (cm) D

  15. Wave Speed uDu: Report EACH TEAM MUST SHARE THE RESPONSIBILITY AND SUBMIT A REPORT !

  16. Ridin’ the Wave Labette • Complete the sections as a class, group or individual as needed • The labette will not be turned in, but be sure to take notes along the way • Cut the bottom off and tape it into your notebook for future reference — but be sure it’s correct, first !

  17. Ridin’ the Wave

  18. Ridin’ the Wave

  19. Ridin’ the Wave PERIOD = Time for one complete cycle FREQUENCY = Number of cycles per unit of time

  20. Ridin’ the Wave PERIOD = Time for one complete cycle FREQUENCY = Number of cycles per unit of time 1 0.00274 1 0.0357 4 15 1 60 0.02 3000

  21. Ridin’ the Wave KINETIC ENERGY of WAVE on STRING (Optional): KE (per cycle) = 2π2 (m / λ2) A2 v2

  22. Wave Basics

  23. Wave Behavior • GOING DEEPER: • Waves transport energy without transporting material. • Particles (by definition) transport material (mass). • But what else differs between them?

  24. Wave (W) & Particle (P) Behaviors

  25. Wave (W) & Particle (P) Behaviors

  26. Wave (W) & Particle (P) Behaviors

  27. Wave (W) & Particle (P) Behaviors

  28. Wave (W) & Particle (P) Behaviors

  29. Wave (W) & Particle (P) Behaviors

  30. Wave (W) & Particle (P) Behaviors

  31. Wave (W) & Particle (P) Behaviors PARTICLE REFRACTION uDu:Does a particle’s path bend when it slows down or speeds up at boundary? Meter stick • The towel is a medium with a lower velocity than the floor. • Roll your marble at an angle to the towel edge. • Compare the path to the meter stick to determine if the path bent. (The meter stick is not used as a guardrail!) Towel ? Marble

  32. Wave (W) & Particle (P) Behaviors

  33. Wave (W) & Particle (P) Behaviors WAVE DIFFRACTION uDu:Do waves change direction when passing an obstacle? • Fill tray about halfway with water using the pitcher, not the sink! • Use one block to create an obstacle. • Use second block to make waves by tapping the water. • Watch & sketch the shape of the waves past the obstacle. • Switch blocks and repeat. ? 1 2

  34. Wave (W) & Particle (P) Behaviors

  35. Wave (W) & Particle (P) Behaviors

  36. Wave (W) & Particle (P) Behaviors

  37. Superposition & Interference D?

  38. Wave (W) & Particle (P) Behaviors

  39. Wave (W) & Particle (P) Behaviors

  40. Wave (W) & Particle (P) Behaviors

  41. Wave (W) & Particle (P) Behaviors

  42. Wave (W) & Particle (P) Behaviors

  43. Wave (W) & Particle (P) Behaviors

  44. Wave (W) & Particle (P) Behaviors

  45. Wave (W) & Particle (P) Behaviors

  46. Radiant EnergyTransfer of energy by light Electromagnetic Spectrum: Human vision: λ = 700 – 390 nm LONG λ LOW E SHORT λ HIGH E

  47. Electromagnetic Spectrum But there’s a LOT more to the full EM spectrum “than meets the eye” … LONG λ LOW E SHORT λ HIGH E Cell Phones 100,000,000 times longer & weaker than visible Microwave Ovens Sunburn & skin cancer Um .. X-rays go THRU you !!!

  48. WAVE QUIZ HERE Hand out answer forms …

  49. Waves Quiz: Part A 1. Amplitude: A=0.2 B=0.4 C=0.8 D=0.9 1.0 0.8 0.6 0.4 0.2 0.0 0.0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7

  50. Waves Quiz: Part A 2. Wavelength: A=0.6 B=0.4 C=0.7 D=0.1 1.0 0.8 0.6 0.4 0.2 0.0 0.0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7

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