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Performance of the deep bed filter at its loading with particles and microorganisms

Performance of the deep bed filter at its loading with particles and microorganisms Leon Gradon and Ewa Sztuk. e-mail: L.Gradon@ichip.pw.edu.pl phone: +48 22 234 91 80 address: Warynskiego 1, 00-645 Warsaw, PL. Contents. Introduction Principles of deep-bed filtration

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Performance of the deep bed filter at its loading with particles and microorganisms

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  1. Performance of the deep bed filter at its loading with particles and microorganisms Leon Gradon and Ewa Sztuk e-mail: L.Gradon@ichip.pw.edu.pl phone: +48 22 234 91 80 address: Warynskiego 1, 00-645 Warsaw, PL Separation Techniques, 26-28 September 2016, Valencia

  2. Contents • Introduction • Principles of deep-bed filtration • Mechanisms of particle and bacteria deposition • Filter loading and biofouling • Formation of fibrous filters with the melt-blown technique • Testing of filters • Conclusions SeparationTechniques, 26-28 September 2016, Valencia

  3. Introduction – World Trends world population growth growing demand for water climate changes water reclamation and reuse * www.unwater.org SeparationTechniques, 26-28 September 2016, Valencia

  4. Introduction – World Trends * www.ces.uoguelph.ca SeparationTechniques, 26-28 September 2016, Valencia

  5. Introduction – depth filtration untreated water AIM maximalize the time of filtration with high filtration efficiency and low pressure drop • CHALLENGES • 1. Resuspension of deposit • 2. Removal of nanoobjects • 3. Biofouling agglomerate break relocation filtration efficiency pressure drop time filtered water SeparationTechniques, 26-28 September 2016, Valencia

  6. Principle of deep-bed filtration α(z), df(z) c0 ck z SeparationTechniques, 26-28 September 2016, Valencia

  7. Mechanisms of particledeposition SeparationTechniques, 26-28 September 2016, Valencia

  8. Composite filters: testing Henry C. et al. (2013) Langmuir, 29 (45), 13694-13707 SeparationTechniques, 26-28 September 2016, Valencia

  9. Performance of filter during loading A B SEM images of a fibrous filter tested on solid particles. CLSM images of a fibrous filter tested on natural river water. A – outer layer, B – 1 mm deep, C – 5 mm deep. SeparationTechniques, 26-28 September 2016, Valencia

  10. Formation of fibrous deep-bed filter 1 – polymer container 2 – extrusion screw 3 – electric heater 4 – die 5 – compressor and air heater 6 – fiber collector SeparationTechniques, 26-28 September 2016, Valencia

  11. Single fiber formation SeparationTechniques, 26-28 September 2016, Valencia

  12. continuity equation: equation of motion: Newton’s constitutive equation: energy balance equation: SeparationTechniques, 26-28 September 2016, Valencia

  13. Fiber axial stretching force SeparationTechniques, 26-28 September 2016, Valencia

  14. Distribution of process parameters inside thefiber SeparationTechniques, 26-28 September 2016, Valencia

  15. Polymer molecules orientation SeparationTechniques, 26-28 September 2016, Valencia

  16. Formation of fibrous deep-bed filter SeparationTechniques, 26-28 September 2016, Valencia

  17. Mixed – fiber filters: testing Theory microfiber Przekop R., Gradon L. (2008)Aerosol Science and Technology, 42, 483-493. nanofibers Experiment nanofiber microfiber SeparationTechniques, 26-28 September 2016, Valencia

  18. Performance of filter during loading SeparationTechniques, 26-28 September 2016, Valencia

  19. Performance of filter during loading SeparationTechniques, 26-28 September 2016, Valencia

  20. Formation of fibrous deep-bed filter 1 – polymer container 2 – nanoparticles container 3 – twin-screw extrusion cylinder 4 – die 5 – composite monofilament 6 – water bath 7 – knife system 8 – composite granulate SeparationTechniques, 26-28 September 2016, Valencia

  21. Filter modifications with nanoparticles SeparationTechniques, 26-28 September 2016, Valencia

  22. Filter modifications with nanorods 1) 2) SeparationTechniques, 26-28 September 2016, Valencia

  23. Filter modifications with nanoparticles Antibacterial and bacteriostatic plate test: A - on E. coli on differentiating medium incubated for 24 h at 37°C, B – on B. subtilis on LB medium incubated for 24 h at 37°C. PP – pure polypropylene. 1, 2, 3, 4 – layers of modified fabric starting from the filter’s inlet. SeparationTechniques, 26-28 September 2016, Valencia

  24. Composite filters: testing Changes of optical density of test cultures induced by the presence of particular filters SeparationTechniques, 26-28 September 2016, Valencia

  25. Performance of filter during loading SeparationTechniques, 26-28 September 2016, Valencia

  26. Biofouling SeparationTechniques, 26-28 September 2016, Valencia

  27. Biofouling SeparationTechniques, 26-28 September 2016, Valencia

  28. Conclusions • Deep-bed filters are efficient tools for removal of submicron particles and microorganisms form water. • Filter loading with abiotic particles and colonization of microorganisms within the filter significantly reduce the filter life-time. • Melt-blown is a useful technique for designing of deep-bed structures for uniform distribution of deposits in the filter volume. • Composite fibers consisting Ag/ZnO nanoparticles on the surface significantly reduce biofouling effect during collection of microorganisms in filter. SeparationTechniques, 26-28 September 2016, Valencia

  29. Thank you for your attention  SeparationTechniques, 26-28 September 2016, Valencia

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