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Resonance Lecture 9

Resonance Lecture 9. Fundamental Frequency (Pitch). Pitch changes result from changing the length and tension of the vocal folds The pitch you produce is based on the number of cycles per second Hertz (Hz) = cycles/second. Intensity (Loudness).

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Resonance Lecture 9

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  1. ResonanceLecture 9

  2. Fundamental Frequency (Pitch) • Pitch changes result from changing the length and tension of the vocal folds • The pitch you produce is based on the number of cycles per second • Hertz (Hz) = cycles/second

  3. Intensity (Loudness) • Loudness changes result from increasing the length of time that the vocal folds are closed • This allows for increased subglottal pressure • Laryngeal musculature compresses medially, & larger subglottal pressure is needed to initiate vibration of the vocal folds • Doesn’t always change how far the vocal folds move, but affects how the vocal folds come together • Softer voice = softer impact • Louder voice = harder impact • In class DVD example

  4. Resonance • 3 Types: • Pharyngeal • Oral • Nasal Zemlin, pg 32.

  5. Vocal Tract • Length: • Women: 14.7 cm • Men: 17.5 cm • Children: 8.75 cm • Can be thought of as a system of tubes Titze, I.R. (2000). Principles of Voice Production.

  6. Vocal Tract • The vocal folds create the fundamental frequency (“pitch”) • The vocal tract gives us formants (resonances) Titze, I.R. (2000). Principles of Voice Production.

  7. Vocal Tract • Remember from the hearing section: Enhancement of the intensity of a particular frequency component(s) with respect to the intensity of the other components that occurs when its frequency equals or is close to the natural frequency of vibration of an object. Titze, I.R. (2000). Principles of Voice Production.

  8. Vocal Tract: Single Tube • Quarter wavelength resonator • 4 x length of vocal tract = wavelength of the formant Titze, I.R. (2000). Principles of Voice Production. (top image)

  9. Vocal Tract: Single Tube • λ = c/f • f = c/λ • λ = wavelength • c = 340 m/s • f = frequency • Fn = (2n-1)(c/4L) • F = formant • n = formant number • L = vocal tract length Titze, I.R. (2000). Principles of Voice Production. (top image)

  10. Formants • As the vocal tract lengthens, the formant frequencies decrease • Shortening leads to formant frequency increase • Lengthening: lower larynx and/or lip rounding • Shortening: raising larynx and/or lip retracting

  11. Nasal Resonance • For nasal sounds (m, n, ng) and nasalized vowels, the soft palate is lowered • Allows air to enter the nasal cavity • This adds an extra formant • Usually between 300-500 Hz

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