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ENG 200 - Surveying

ENG 200 - Surveying. Ron Williams Website: http://web.mnstate.edu/RonWilliams. Surveying. The art of determining or establishing the relative positions of points on, above, or below the earth’s surface. Determining or Establishing.

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ENG 200 - Surveying

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  1. ENG 200 - Surveying • Ron Williams • Website:http://web.mnstate.edu/RonWilliams

  2. Surveying The art of determining or establishing the relative positions of points on, above, or below the earth’s surface

  3. Determining or Establishing • Determining: both points already exist - determine their relative locations. • Establishing: one point, and the location of another point relative to the first, are known. Find the position and mark it. • Most property surveys are re-surveys • determining • you have no right to establish the corners

  4. History of Surveying • First References • Dueteronomy 19:14 • Code of Hannarubi • Egyptions used surveying in 1400 b.c. to divide land up for taxation • Romans introduced surveying instruments

  5. Surveying in America • Washington, Jefferson, and Lincoln were survyors • The presence of surveyors meant someone wanted land - often traveled with soldiers • Railroads opened up the country, but surveyors led the railroad • East coast lands were divided by “Metes and Bounds”, the west by US Public Lands

  6. N N Types of Surveys • Plane Surveys • Assume NS lines are parallel • Assume EW lines are straight Geodetic Surveys Allow for convergence Treat EW lines as great circles Used for large surveys

  7. Land - define boundaries of property Topographic - mapping surface features Route - set corridors for roads, etc. City - lots and blocks, sewer and water, etc. Construction - line and grade for building Hydrographic - contours and banks of lakes and rivers Mines - determine the relative position of shafts beneath the earth’s surface Types of Surveys

  8. Safety Issues • Sun • Insects • Traffic • Brush cutting • Electrical lines • Property owners

  9. Units of Measure • Feet • Inches, 1/4, 1/8, etc. • 1/10, 1/100, etc. • 10’ 4-5/8” = 10.39’ • Measure to nearest .01’ • Meters • 1 foot = 0.305 m • 1 m = 3.28’ • Stations

  10. Units of Measure Rods - 16.5 ft Chains - 66 feet 4 rods = chain Miles - 5280 feet 80 chains = 1 mile 320 rods = 1 mile Others

  11. Math Requirements • Degrees, Minutes, Seconds • Geometry of Circles • Trig Functions • Geometry, Trig of Triangles

  12. 32°15’24” ° - ‘ - “ to Decimal Degrees • 1 degree = 60 minutes • 1 minute = 60 seconds • 24” = 24/60’ = 0.4’ • 15’24” = 15.4’ = 15.4/60° = 0.2567° • 32°15’24” = 32.2567° • Most calculators do trig calculations using decimal degrees - CONVERT!

  13. Decimal Degrees to DMS •  = 23.1248° • 0.1248*60 = 7.488 minutes • 0.488*60 = 29.3 seconds • 23.1248° = 23°7’29.3” • Watch roundoff! • 23.1° = 23°6’00” • We do most work to at least 1 minute! • Cheap scientific calculator - $12.00

  14. 23°18’ NW NE SW SE Geometry of a Circle Total angle = 360° 4 quadrants - NE, SE, SW, NW - each total 90° Angles typically measured East from North or East from South Clockwise (CW) and Counterclockwise (CCW) angles add to 360° 360° - 23°18’ = 336°42’

  15. N C 135°42’ 105°15’ A 224°18’ Geometry of a Circle • Transit sited along line AB, 105°15’ clockwise from North. • Transit is turned 135°42’ counterclockwise to site on C. • Determine the direction of line AC. • 105°15’ - 135°42’ = -30°27’ • Counterclockwise – angle gets smaller • Negative result – add 360 • -30°27’ + 360° = 329°33’ B • Or: 360° - 135°42’ = 224°18’ • 105°15’ + 224°18’ = 329°33’

  16. h o h o  a a a Trig Functions • Sin, Cos, Tan are ratios relating the sides of right triangles • o - side opposite the angle • a - side adjacent to the angle h • h - hypotenuse of triangle o • Sin  = o/h • Cos  = a/h • Tan  = o/a a

  17. 357.37 B 115.15’ 72°14’ 375.46’ A Using Trig Functions • Line AB bears 72°14’ East of North • Length of AB, lAB = 375.46’ • Determine how far North and how far East B is from A • Cos = a/h, a = h*Cos • NB/A = lAB* Cos(72°14’) = 115.15’ • Sin = o/h; o = h*Sin • EB/A = lAB* Sin(72°14’) = 357.37’

  18. A B   C Triangle Geometry, Trig Laws • Sum of interior angles = 180° • Sine law: • if A = B,  =  • Cosine law: • if  = 90°, A2 = B2 + C2

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