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Use of Satellite Data

Explore how satellite data can assist in air quality planning activities for Georgia, including exceptional events, air quality modeling, emission inventories, fire emissions, NOx emissions, and air quality forecasting.

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Use of Satellite Data

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  1. Use of Satellite Data for Georgia’s Air Quality Planning ActivitiesTao Zeng and James Boylan Georgia EPD – Air Protection BranchTEMPO Applications WorkshopHuntsville, AL – July 13, 2016

  2. Use of Satellite Data • Exceptional Events • Air Quality Modeling • Emission Inventories • Fire emissions • NOx emissions • Air Quality Forecasting 2

  3. Exceptional Events 3

  4. Exceptional Events • Exceptional event requests are submitted by the States to EPA for approval • Wildfires • Dust storms • Volcanic eruptions • If a measurement is flagged as an exceptional event, the measurement is not included in the design value used to determine attainment with the NAAQS • Typically submitted for ozone and PM2.5 4

  5. 24-Hour PM2.5 on July 2, 2014 5

  6. NOAA Metosat Images of SAL July 1, 2014 July 2, 2014 6

  7. VIIRS (Suomi) - June 24, 2014 7

  8. MODIS (Aqua) AOD – July 1, 2014 8

  9. GOES AOD – July 2, 2014 9

  10. CALIPSO Lidar – July 2, 2014 10

  11. Air Quality Modeling 11

  12. Air Quality Modeling System Meteorology (WRF) Air Quality (CMAQ/CAMx) Emissions (SMOKE) Emissions Inventory (NEI) Hourly concentrations of criteria air pollutants and precursor pollutants MOVES Rates 12

  13. Clouds and Precipitation • Need to add hourly cloud and precipitation data assimilation into WRF to produce more accurate meteorological inputs for CMAQ • Impacts of cloud type and location • Solar radiation and photochemistry • SO2 heterogeneous reactions • SO2 + H2O2 (aq)  H2SO4 • Impacts of precipitation • Ambient concentrations • Wet deposition fluxes 13

  14. Fire Emissions 14

  15. 2011 Emissions in Georgia 15

  16. Prescribed Fire Burn Area SMARTFIRE v1 2011 GA EPD 2014 16

  17. Wildfire Burn Area SMARTFIRE v1 2011 GA EPD 2014 17

  18. Monthly Prescribed Burning Areas SMARTFIRE overestimates prescribed fire activities during October and November and underestimated fire activity during March. Similar patter for 2014 (not shown). 18

  19. Fire Distributions in 2011 • Satellite measurements miss many of the smaller prescribed fires that are less than 100 acres • Under the tree canopy and less upward thermal radiation • Need higher temporal and spatial resolution satellite measurements to improve fire detection. 19

  20. NOx Emissions 20

  21. Ozone Attainment Planning • Atlanta is currently nonattainment for the 2008 ozone NAAQS (75 ppb) and will be designated nonattainment for the 2015 ozone NAAQS (70 ppb) • Need to develop attainment strategies that focus on NOx reductions • 87% of all NOx emissions in Atlanta are from mobile sources • Modeling mobile source NOx emissions • Uncertainties in MOVES and NONROAD models • Are NOx emissions in these models too high? • Large day-to-day variability in activity that is not captured by these models (e.g., traffic conditions) 21

  22. Model NO2 – Satellite NO2 Slide taken from “The AQAST Legacy: Linking Satellites with Air Quality” by Tracey Holloway (University of Wisconsin-Madison) presented at the 2016 Midwest and Central States Air Quality Workshop on June 21, 2016. 22

  23. Air Quality Forecasting 23

  24. Air Quality Forecasting HMS fire/smoke (6/13/2016) HMS fire/smoke (8/26/2015) NOAA GOES image (7/8/2016) 24

  25. Training 25

  26. NASA Remote Sensing Training 26

  27. Summary • Satellite data can help state air regulatory agencies to: • Identify exceptional events • Improve simulation of clouds and precipitation in meteorological models to improve the air quality model simulations • Improve fire and NOx emission inventories • Improve air quality forecasts • High resolution geostationary satellites can provide additional useful information • Additional remote sensing training would be very beneficial 27

  28. Contact Information Tao Zeng, Ph.D.Georgia Dept. of Natural Resources4244 International Parkway, Suite 120Atlanta, GA 30354Tao.Zeng@dnr.ga.gov 404-363-7092 28

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