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Air and Water Pollution Prevention and Control Engineering – AWPPCE Miguel A. Camelo Rosas

Decentralized water purification systems for use in developing countries. Air and Water Pollution Prevention and Control Engineering – AWPPCE Miguel A. Camelo Rosas. Introduction.

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Air and Water Pollution Prevention and Control Engineering – AWPPCE Miguel A. Camelo Rosas

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  1. Decentralized water purification systems for use in developing countries Air and Water Pollution Prevention and Control Engineering – AWPPCE Miguel A. Camelo Rosas

  2. Introduction According to the World Health Organization (WHO), most of the world does not have access to microbiologically safe drinking water. Approximately 80% of communicable diseases in the world are water-borne. The Millennium Development Goals (MDG) set a target to halve the proportion of people without sustainable access to safe drinking water by 2015 compared to 1990. Progress was made, going from 71% in 1990 to 80% in 2004, but there is still a long way to reach the goal.

  3. Decentralized Water Purification Options Boiling Thermal treatment with solar radiation Solar treatment with by UV with thermal effects UV disinfection using lamps Fiber, fabric, and membrane filters

  4. Decentralized Water Purification Options (cont.) Porous ceramic filters Aluminum and iron coagulation and sedimentation Charcoal and activated carbon adsorption Ion exchange disinfection Chlorine treatment Combined treatment systems

  5. Comparison • The table above summarizes the various household technologies for water purification based on their practicality, availability, and effectiveness in improving the microbial quality of the water, cost, and limitations.

  6. Conclusions There are a lot of developing countries that have limited access to potable drinking water. One way to attack this problem is with a decentralized approach, relying on household, or small community solutions like the ones explained here. Each of these technologies has limitations and effectiveness can be increased by the use of two or more systems in succession for improved treatment and the creation of multiple barriers. Treatments that provide no residual disinfectant, like boiling, or solar treatment, could be followed by chlorination to provide a multiple barrier approach.

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