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Chapter 14 FUNDAMENTALS OF COMMON STOCK VALUATION. What is intrinsic value (IV)? What is the dividend discount model (DDM)? What is the earnings model (EM)? How does an investor conduct fundamental analysis on a company stock?. FUNDAMENTALS OF COMMON STOCK VALUATION- Cont.
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Chapter 14FUNDAMENTALS OF COMMON STOCK VALUATION • What is intrinsic value (IV)? • What is the dividend discount model (DDM)? • What is the earnings model (EM)? • How does an investor conduct fundamental analysis on a company stock? Contemporary Investments: Chapter 14
FUNDAMENTALS OF COMMON STOCK VALUATION-Cont. • How can an investor value a stock with nonconstant growth? • How is the market-to-book ratio (MV/BV) used for investment purposes? • What are the pros and cons of using the price/earnings multiple, or P/E ratio? Contemporary Investments: Chapter 14
Intrinsic Value • Definition of an intrinsic value • What affects intrinsic value • How to invest based on intrinsic value • Undervalued • Overvalued Contemporary Investments: Chapter 14
Four intrinsic valuation models • Dividend Discount Model (DDM) • Earnings Model (EM) • P/E Ratio • MV/BV Ratio Contemporary Investments: Chapter 14
Dividend Discount Model (DDM) • Develop the intrinsic value, Vs0 • Two implications • The general Dividend Discount Model • An example: Lone Star Steakhouse (STAR) Contemporary Investments: Chapter 14
Figure 14.1 – General Rule for Fundamental Analysis Contemporary Investments: Chapter 14
Figure 14.2 – Summary of the STAR Example Contemporary Investments: Chapter 14
Trading rule for fundamental analysis • Undervalued • Overvalued Contemporary Investments: Chapter 14
Earnings Model (EM) • Lone Star Steakhouse: An Earnings Model example • The no-growth example • The constant-growth example Contemporary Investments: Chapter 14
Implications for growth companies • Discussion of the five implications • Contrast growth company with a growth stock Contemporary Investments: Chapter 14
Fundamental Analysis in Practice • Estimate Growth, g • historical dividend trend growth rate • historical EPS trend growth rate • growth rate g = ROE x b • Estimate the required rate of return, ERs • Estimate DIV1 Contemporary Investments: Chapter 14
Figure 14.3 – Value Line Report for Lone Star Steakhouse (STAR) Contemporary Investments: Chapter 14
Caveats for DDM • DDM is very sensitive to changes in g • The market risk premium, (ERM-RF) is difficult to determine • ROE1 is a book value and is an average of many project returns Contemporary Investments: Chapter 14
Nonconstant-Growth Model • Value the nonconstant-growth phase via an example • Value of the constant-growth phase • Intrinsic value of a two-phase nonconstant growth stock • General formula for nonconstant-growth model • Three-phase nonconstant-growth model • Estimating the nonconstant and constant growth rates Contemporary Investments: Chapter 14
Market-to-Book Ratio (MV/BV) • Define Market-to-Book Ratio (MV/BV) • Why it may discover undervalued stocks • Beware of MV/BV Contemporary Investments: Chapter 14
Price/Earnings (P/E) Ratio • Define Price/Earnings (P/E) Ratio • Interpret P/E ratios • Determining value from P/E • What about low P/Es? • Implications for investors Contemporary Investments: Chapter 14
Two alternative ways to use P/E • Holt’s alternative use of P/E • Firms that pay no dividends or when g > ERs • Implications for investors using fundamental analysis • A growth company may not necessarily be a good investment • Use P/E and MV/BV with caution Contemporary Investments: Chapter 14