KNR 205: Scientific Principles of Coaching

1. KNR 205: Scientific Principles of Coaching Introduction

2. General course stuff • This is a new course...first for me, first for you, first for the school • It is designed for athletic coaching minors, but available to KNR majors • Have you had any of these... • 181 (A&P), 240 (Fitness), 280 (Ex. Phys.), 282 (biomechanics)? • If so, you’ll be duplicating information you’ve already covered. • This course was designed to cover aspects of all those courses, as well as 254 and 257, so that it would function as a general intro to kinesiology for minors

3. General course stuff • Consequences for course organization • A lot of material • Broad and shallow approach • Focusing on “getting the idea” of a number of areas • Assessments that survey basic familiarity rather than mastery

4. General course stuff • To do this week... • Go to the web site (www.cast.ilstu/smith) and download the syllabus. Read it. Submit the on-line quiz by Wednesday 24th at 9am. • On the 24th, bring a photo of yourself with your name printed legibly on the back, so that I can learn your names. No photocopies. You will get these back later in the semester. • Download the first slides and print them up. You should be able to print multiple slides per page – I recommend 3 slides a page • Read chapters 1 & 2 and answer the online quiz on chapter 2 by Friday 26th

5. Chapter 1: Introduction • We’re going to skim this and get into the nitty gritty of chapter 2 ASAP • As this course is designed as the survey course for the coaching minor, it makes sense to read about the discipline a little first. • The best summary I can see in the text is on page 4, figure 1.1 • As you can see, it’s busy. There’s a lot of stuff, and a lot of influences

6. Or, as we call it, kinesiology

7. Part One: Anatomical Bases of Human Movement Functional Anatomy

8. General intro... • Again, we’ll skim this introduction so we can get to the meat of chapter 2. • Functional anatomy is essentially about the structure and function of the human body • Can be from a number of levels of analysis • Subcellular • Tissues • Organs • The key point is that we are interested in the relationship between body structure and body function at whatever level of analysis we study

9. Chapter 2 Basic Concepts of the Musculoskeletal System

10. Objective (from syllabus) • To understand key concepts related to the structure and function of the skeletal, articular (joint) and muscular systems • You’ll find I stick very closely to the book throughout (like a drowning man clutching driftwood) • I see my role as a facilitator, whose job it is to simply relate and explain the content of the text to you • As such, I need you to simply point out where I’m not being clear

11. Tools for Measurement • Bone density: • radiology • Bone structure: • chemical preparation • Movement: • goniometry (joint motion) • dynamometers (muscle force)

12. The skeletal system • Functions • Mechanical • Physiological • Bone composition • Mechanical properties • Types of bone • Architecture of bone • Shape and organization • Architecture of long bones

13. The articular system • Classification of joints • Features of synovial joints • Classification of synovial joints • Range of movements allowed by synovial joints • Joint protection, lubrication, and wear • The joint as the functional unit of the skeletal system

14. The muscular system • Structure • Association of muscles with other structures • Structural features of muscle • Distinguishing properties • Muscle contractions • Mechanics of muscular action • Types of contraction • Explaining joint actions • Limitations on range of joint motion • Determinants of strength

15. Chapter 3 Basic Concepts of Anthropometry

16. Objective (from syllabus) • To understand the relationship between human body size, shape and composition, and movement capability

17. Anthropometry • Tools for measurement • Body size • Determination of body shape • Tissues composing the body • Somatotyping • Human variation • In the musculoskeletal system • In physical dimensions

18. Chapter 4 Musculoskeletal changes across the life span

19. Objective from syllabus • To summarize how concepts related to the musculoskeletal system and anthropometry are affected by growth and maturation

20. Auxology and gerontology defined • Auxology • Gerontology • Tools for measurement

21. Changes across the lifespan • Physical growth, maturation, and aging • Embryological development • The postnatal years • Age-related changes in the skeletal and articular systems • Stages in development of bone • Growth of length and width of bone • Skeletal composition changes across the life span • Osteoporosis • Bone failure in relation to bone development, age or activity • Effect of various factors on range of motion • Age-related changes in the muscular system • Change in body dimensions across the life span • Combining size measurements to provide information about shape • Secular trend in body dimensions • Growth rates of body segments • Growth rates of body tissues • Sexual dimorphism in growth • Somatotype changes during growth, maturation, and aging • Methods of determining age

22. Chapter 5 Musculoskeletal adaptations to training

23. Objective from syllabus • To summarize how concepts related to the musculoskeletal system and anthropometry adapt to physical activity

24. Musculoskeletal adaptations to training • Effects of physical activity on bone • Effects of activity level on bone • Effects of activity type on bone • Bone repair and physical activity • Effects of physical activity on joint structure and ranges of motion • Synovial fluid, articular cartilage, and ligaments • Degenerative joint disease and exercise • Effects of physical activity on muscle-tendon units • Flexibility • Strength • Tendon adaptation • Effects of physical activity on body size, shape, and composition • Role of lifestyle factors in determining physique • Relationship of body sizes and types to sports

25. Part Two: Mechanical Bases of Human Movement Biomechanics

26. About biomechanics... • The use of mechanics to quantitatively analyze movement • Of a healthy person • Of injured people • Of people at different stages of training • Of people at different stages of maturation, growth, and aging

27. Chapter 6 Kinetics and Kinematics

28. Objective from syllabus • To understand how vectors may be used to describe forces and motion in human activity • The motion bit is kinematics, the forces (giving rise to motion) is kinetics

29. Kinematics and Kinetics • Vectors • Motion • Motion of a particle • Angular motion of a rigid body • Motion of a point on a rigid body • Degrees of freedom • Force • Internal and external forces • Free body diagram • Moment of force • Equilibrium • Computer modeling of movement

30. Chapter 7 Energetics

31. Objective from syllabus • To describe the role that kinetic energy, potential energy, and elastic energy play in human movement

32. Energetics • Energy and power • Kinetic energy • Potential energy • Total mechanical energy • Power • Elastic strain energy • Metabolic energy consumption • Efficiency of movement

33. Chapter 8 Biomechanics across the life span

34. Objective from syllabus • To understand how the aging process affects the biomechanics of movement

35. Biomechanics across the life span • Using gait as the conduit... • Biomechanics of normal walking • Kinematics of normal gait • Muscle actions during normal gait • Gait development in children • Gait changes in older adults • Changes in gait kinematics • Causes of gait changes in aging • Metabolic cost of walking in older adults • Exercise and aging

36. Chapter 9 Biomechanical adaptations to training

37. Objective from syllabus • To summarize the typical biomechanical adaptations to training (natch)

38. Biomechanical adaptations to training • Muscular adaptations to training • Neuromuscular adaptations to training • Training to prevent anterior cruciate ligament injury • Evaluating the effectiveness of injury prevention training • Biomechanical adaptations to injury • Dependence of motor performance on changes in muscle properties • Using computer modeling to study vertical jumping performance • Insights into the effects of training provided by computer models

39. Part III: Physiological Bases of Human Movement Exercise Physiology

40. About exercise physiology... • How does the body’s functioning respond to exercise? • Answers come from... • Physiology • Biochemistry • Nutrition • Endocrinology • Histology • Cell and molecular biology • Application – see diagram on p. 120

41. Chapter 10 Basic concepts of exercise metabolism

42. Objective from syllabus • To summarize basic concepts of exercise metabolism

43. Exercise metabolism • Production of energy for exercise • Production of ATP • The immediate energy system • The anaerobic glycolytic system • The oxidative system • The 3 energy systems as a continuum • The fueling of ATP by fats, proteins, and carbohydrates • Lactic acid – friend or foe?

44. Exercise metabolism • Oxygen supply during sustained exercise • VO2 max as an indicator of endurance exercise capacity • Measurement of exercise capacity • Aerobic or endurance exercise capacity • Anaerobic exercise capacity • Why measure exercise capacity? • The cardiorespiratory system and oxygen supply during exercise • Cardiovascular response to exercise • Distribution of blood flow during exercise

45. Exercise metabolism • Human skeletal muscle cells • Muscle fiber types • Muscle fiber type and exercise capacity • Activation of fiber types during exercise • Skeletal muscle “fiber typing” • Importance of muscle fiber type to sport performance • Energy cost of activity • Importance of diet to energy metabolism and exercise performance • Why athletes need a high carbohydrate diet • Do athletes need extra protein? • Importance of replacing water lost during exercise

46. Chapter 11 Physiological adaptations to training

47. Objective from syllabus • To summarize how training can affect the capacity to perform work

48. Physiological adaptations to training • Training-induced metabolic adaptations • Factors limiting exercise performance • Immediate and anaerobic system changes after strength and sprint training • Changes in aerobic metabolism after endurance training

49. Physiological adaptations to training • Endurance training-induced changes in the cardiorespiratory system • Oxygen consumption • Heart rate • Stroke volume • Cardiac output • Oxygen extraction • Blood composition • Endurance training-induced respiratory changes • Endurance training induced changes in the lactate threshold

50. Physiological adaptations to training • Muscular system changes after strength training • Muscular strength • Muscle hypertrophy • Metabolic adaptations • Neural adaptations • Muscular power and endurance • Training and muscle fiber number or type