Content

1. Health Benefits Research in world wide web(Note: all below information is from various websites in the Internet)

2. Content • Natural Elements and Nutrients • Antioxidant • Green Tea Contains • Potential Benefits • Various Benefits • Comparison • News Articles • Others Informative site • 15 Reason to drink NISHIO Japanese Green Tea

3. Natural Elements and Nutrients

4. Antioxidant • Antioxidants - What exactly is an antioxidant? • Antioxidants are molecules which can safely interact with free radicals and terminate the chain reaction before vital molecules are damaged (as in Vitamin C), or seek out and scavenge free radicals (as in Vitamin E). This is where it can be noted that research has indicated that one of the main antioxidants found in green tea (epigallocatechin 3-gallate a.k.a. EGCG) has been found to be much more powerful than both Vitamins C and E. Compared to other known antioxidants, EGCG was found to be 100 times more effective than vitamin C, 25 times more effective than Vitamin E and twice as powerful as resveratrol at neutralizing free radicals.

5. Green Tea Contains • Green Tea Benefits - Green tea contains antioxidants, polyphenols, theanine, as well as a wide variety of vitamins and minerals. • The followings are some of the components with closer look to its benefits: • Polyphenols • Polyphenols are a class of phytochemicals found in high concentrations in green tea, and have been associated with heart disease and cancer prevention. The slight astringent, bitter taste of green tea is attributed to polyphenols. • Catechins • Catechins are a category of polyphenols. In green tea, catechins are present in significant quantities, more specifically; epicatechin (EC), epigallocatechin (EGC), epicatechin gallate (ECG) and epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG). EGCG makes up about 10-50% of the total catechin content and appears to be the most powerful of the catechins – with antioxidant activity about 25-100 times more potent than vitamins C and E. A cup of green tea may provide 10-40mg of polyphenols and has antioxidant activity greater than a serving of broccoli, spinach, carrots or strawberries.

6. Green Tea Contains • Tannins • A group of simple and complex phenol, polyphenol, and flavonoid compounds, bound with starches, and often so amorphous that they are classified as tannins simply because at some point in degradation they are astringent and contain variations on gallic acid. Produced by plants, tannins are generally protective substances found in the outer and inner tissues. All of the tannins are relatively resistant to digestion or fermentation, and either decrease the ability of animals to easily consume the living plant, or, as in deciduous trees, cause shed parts of the plant to decay so slowly that there is little likelihood of infection to the living tree from rotting dead material around its base. All tannins act as astringents, shrinking tissues and contracting structural proteins in the skin and mucosa. • Flavonoids • Flavonoids are plant pigments, and are the brightly colored chemical constituents found in most fresh fruits and vegetables. Flavonoids are part of a large class of chemicals that occur naturally in plants. A simple definition describes flavonoids as "any group of substances found in fruits and vegetables essential for processing vitamin C and needed to maintain capillary walls. They may aid in protecting against infection. Deficiency can result in a tendency to bruise easily. • Theanine • An amino acid that produces tranquilizing effects in the brain, theanine is a unique amino acid found in the leaves of green tea. Theanine is quite different from the polyphenol and catechin antioxidants for which green tea is typically consumed. Through the natural production of polyphenols, the tea plant converts theanine into catechins. This means that tea leaves harvested during one part of the growing season may be high in catechins (good for antioxidant benefits), while leaves harvested during another time of year may be higher in theanine (good for anti-stress and cortisol-controlling effects). Three to four cups of green tea are expected to contain 100-200 mg of theanine.

7. Potential Benefits • Anti-cancer properties • Boosts mental alertness • Boosts immune system • Lowers chances of cognitive impairment • Lowers stress hormone levels • Effects on HIV • Source from: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Health_Benefits_of_Green_Tea

8. Potential Benefits • Green tea has been claimed to be helpful for atherosclerosis, LDL cholesterol, cancer, inflammatory bowel disease, diabetes, liver disease, weight loss, neurodegenerative diseases, and even halitosis. • Anti-cancer properties • An article in New Scientist magazine mentions that numerous studies suggest that green tea protects against a range of cancers, including lung, prostate and breast cancer. The reason cited is the antioxidant epigallocatechingallate (EGCG), according to Hirofumi Tachibana's team at Kyushu University in Japan. Their research showed that growth of human lung cancer cells with a cell receptor called 67 LR is slowed significantly after drinking just two or three cups of green tea, which contains EGCG. The research also showed that 67 LR is involved in the propagation of prion diseases such as human Creutzfeldt-Jakob (related to mad cow disease in animals). This is not direct evidence of tea's effect on prion diseases, but a hint that EGCG's effect on 67 LR is an interesting lead in the search for treatments. According to the U.S. National Cancer Institute, in laboratory studies using animals, catechins inactivated oxidants before cell damage occurred, reduced the number and size of tumors, and inhibited the growth of cancer cells.[citation Needed] White tea has been claimed to be even more effective, based upon preliminary work by Santana-Rios et al. Another study from the Life Science journal Carcinogenesis demonstrated that green tea, in combination with tamoxifen, is effective in suppressing breast cancer growth in vitro human breast cancer tumors and in vivo animal experiments in mice. The anticarcinogenic effect of green tea on gastric cancer was refuted by a large-scale, population-based, prospective cohort study in Japan that involved more than 26,000 residents. Several case control studies suggest an inverse relation between green tea consumption and gastric cancer. Further evaluation is needed to assess the role of green tea and gastric cancer reduction. Topical applications of green tea extracts (EGCG) have protective effects on UVA- and UVB-induced skin damage (photoaging and carcinogenesis)

9. Potential Benefits • Increases metabolic rate • Clinical trials conducted by the University of Geneva and the University of Birmingham indicate that green tea raises metabolic rates, speeds up fat oxidation and improves insulin sensitivity and glucose tolerance. In addition to caffeine, green tea contains catechin polyphenols that raise thermogenesis (the rate at which calories are burned), and hence increases energy expenditure. There is also a suggestion that it can increase endurance in exercise by improving fat metabolism. • Boosts mental alertness • The amino acid L-theanine, found almost exclusively in the tea plant, actively alters the attention networks of the brain, according to results of human trials announced in September 2007. John Foxe, Ph.D., professor of neuroscience, biology and psychology at City College of the City University of New York, found that theanine is absorbed by the small intestine and crosses the blood-brain barrier, where it affects the brain's neurotransmitters and increases alpha brain-wave activity. The result is a calmer, yet more alert, state of mind. • Boosts immune system • On 21 April 2003 the Brigham and Women's Hospital released details of a research project which indicated that theanine may help the body's immune system response when fighting infection, by boosting the disease-fighting capacity of gamma delta T cells. The study included a four-week trial with 11 coffee drinkers and 10 tea drinkers, who consumed 600ml of coffee or black tea daily. Blood sample analysis found that the production of anti-bacterial proteins was up to five times higher in the tea-drinkers, an indicator of a stronger immune response.

10. Potential Benefits • Lowers chances of cognitive impairment • A 2006 study showed that elderly Japanese people who consumed more than 2 cups of green tea a day had a 50 percent lower chance of having cognitive impairment, in comparison to those who drank fewer than 2 cups a day, or who consumed other tested beverages. This is probably due to the effect of EGCG, which passes through the blood-brain barrier. • Lowers stress hormone levels • According to a study by UCL researchers, drinking black tea lowers stress hormone levels. Just 50 minutes after a high stress event, tea drinkers, who had been drinking 4 cups of black tea daily for a month, had a 20% greater drop in cortisol than the placebo group. Blood platelet activation, which is linked to blood clotting and the risk of heart attacks was also lower for tea drinkers. • Effects on HIV • A recent study appearing in the Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology stated that epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG) found in green tea can lead to the inhibition of HIV virus binding and may be used as a complementary therapy for HIV patients.

11. Various Benefits • Green tea restricts the increase of blood cholesterol. • Cholesterol causes a range of diseases in adults. The catechins in green tea restrict the build up of blood cholesterol. • High cholesterol • Research shows that green tea lowers total cholesterol and raises HDL ("good") cholesterol in both animals and people. One population-based study found that men who drink green tea are more likely to have lower total cholesterol than those who do not drink green tea. Results from one animal study suggest that polyphenols in green tea may block the intestinal absorption of cholesterol and promote its excretion from the body. In another small study of male smokers, researchers found that green tea significantly reduced blood levels of harmful LDL cholesterol. • Green tea controls high blood pressure. • Green tea is known to help control blood pressure, catechins impede the action of chemicals that are known to effect cause blood pressure. • Green tea lowers the blood sugar level. • Green tea has the capability of lowering blood sugar levels. The catechins and polysaccharides in green tea have been shown to play a key role in this reduction, this has helped in the treatment of diabetes.

12. Various Benefits • Green tea can help to suppress ageing. • Powerful antioxidising agents such as vitamin E and vitamin C restrain the ageing process, green tea contains both these vitamins. The main active ingredient of green tea, catechin, is thought to be a far stronger antioxidant than the two vitamins, adding to the strong weight of evidence that suggests green tea makes you look younger. • Green tea refreshes the body. • Green tea contains caffeine which has a strong stimulating effect. Green tea has an advantage over coffee because the green tea caffeine combines with catechin to produce a rather milder, more natural, effect. • Green tea deters food poisoning. • Green tea has the ability to kill certain bacteria. For instance, it's strong sterilizing effect on bacteria is used in the treatment of diarrhea. • Inflammatory Bowel Disease (IBD) • Green tea may help reduce inflammation associated with Crohn's disease and ulcerative colitis, the two types of IBD. If green tea proves to be helpful for preventing colon cancer, this would be an added benefit for those with IBD because they are at risk for colon cancer.

13. Various Benefits • Diabetes • Green tea has been used traditionally to control blood sugar in the body. Animal studies suggest that green tea may help prevent the development of type 1 diabetes and slow the progression once it has developed. People with type 1 diabetes produce little or no insulin, a hormone that converts glucose (sugar), starches, and other foods into energy needed for daily life. Green tea may help regulate glucose in the body. • Liver disease • Population-based studies have shown that men who drink more than 10 cups of green tea per day are less likely to develop disorders of the liver. Green tea also seems to protect the liver from the damaging effects of toxic substances such as alcohol. Animal studies have shown that green tea helps protect against the development of liver tumors in mice. Results from several animal and human studies suggest that one of the polyphenols present in green tea, known as catechin, may help treat viral hepatitis (inflammation of the liver from a virus). In these studies, catechin was isolated from green tea and used in very high concentrations. It is not clear whether green tea (which contains a lower concentration of catechins) confers these same benefits to people with hepatitis. • Bone Health: • Two recent studies found tea-drinking women had higher bone mineral density (BMD) measurements compared to non-tea drinkers, especially habitual tea- drinkers of 6 years or more.

14. Various Benefits • Weight loss • Studies suggest that green tea extract may boost metabolism and help burn fat. One study confirmed that the combination of green tea and caffeine improved weight loss and maintenance in overweight and moderately obese individuals. However, a second study found that weight maintenance following weight loss was not affected by green tea. Some researchers speculate that substances in green tea known as polyphenols, specifically the catechins, are responsible for the herb's fat-burning effect. • Staving off Alzheimer's. • A green tea diet may delay the onset of Alzheimer's disease. A British study found that drinking green tea inhibited three important brain-battering chemicals: acetylcholinesterase, butyrylcholinesterase, and beta-secretase. Before you get your tongue twisted around your eye teeth and can't see what your saying with these three-dollar words, all you really need to know is that they are three chemical culprits associated with breaking down chemical messengers and forming plaques and protein deposits in the noggin's gray matter - definite hindrances to crystal clear thinking. • Possess antibacterial and antiviral properties. • Recent studies show that green tea inhibits the spread of disease, speeds up recovery from cold and flu. It also kills seven strains of food poisoning bacteria including clostridium, botulus and staphylococcus (which makes it a good treatment for diarrhea).

15. Various Benefits • Green Tea Fights the Flu • A cup of green tea may help prevent or lessen the duration of the flu. In a lab study, published in the November 2005 issue of Antiviral Research, EGCG dramatically inhibited influenza virus replication in cell culture in all the subtypes of influenza virus tested. EGCG appears to suppress viral RNA synthesis by altering the properties of the viral membrane. • October 28, 2008 • Fighting Brain Cancer • Brain cancers called gliomas develop in the supporting cells of the brain. Some of these cancers develop resistance to TRAIL or tumor necrosis factor–related apoptosis-inducing ligand which kills the brain cancer cells. • A new cell study with three TRAIL-resistant glioma cell lines has found that EGCG from green tea increased the effectiveness of TRAIL against the TRAIL-resistant brain cancer cells, creating rapid death of the cancer cells (Siegelin M, Epigalocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG) downregulates PEA15 and thereby augments TRAIL-mediated apoptosis in malignant glioma, Neuroscience Letters, October 2008). • This is a preliminary study and more research is needed to learn if humans could benefit.

16. Various Benefits • Practicing good oral hygiene (Prevention to bad breath) • Catechin is an effective deodorant and general sterilizing agent. A cup of Japanese tea after a meal prevents the growth of germs, which cause periodontal disease and halitosis. The bioflavonoids found in green tea help to keep your teeth and gums healthy. You can gargle with green tea after brushing your teeth to kill germs and prevent bad breath. • Antiviral • Studies have shown that Catechin can also prevent viral infections. Gargling with Japanese green tea has been shown to prevent influenza and the common cold and also helps to relieve symptoms of influenza and the common cold such as sore throat, cough, and nasal congestion. • Antibacterial and sterilizing • Catechin has strong antibacterial and sterilizing effects on germs and bacteria. It has even been found to have the effect of sterilizing germs (NRSA) that cause infections in hospitals - so Catechin is beneficial to ward off infection and sickness in this way as well. • Prevent Food Poisoning • Catechin, the bitter ingredients of green tea in green tea effectively kills bacteria which causes food poisoning and also kills the toxins produced by those bacteria.

17. Comparison

18. News Articles

19. News Articles Women 'greater benefit' In this study, which began in 1994, researchers from Tohoku University looked at how humans could benefit. They examined data on 40,530 healthy adults aged 40 to 79 in north-eastern Japan, where green tea is widely consumed. Around 80% of people in the region drink green tea, with more than half consuming three or more cups each day. The people in the study were followed for up to 11 years (1995-2005), when 4,209 people died from all causes. The researchers also looked at seven years' worth of data (from 1995-2001) to look at deaths from specific causes. In that period, 892 people died of cardiovascular disease (CVD) and 1,134 participants died of cancer. Compared with people who drank less than one cup per day of green tea, those who consumed five or more had a 16% lower risk of dying from any cause during the 11-year study. They also had a 26% lower risk of dying from CVD in the seven years of follow-up. There was no significant association between green tea consumption and death from cancer. Throughout the study, the benefits of green tea appeared greater in women. Those who drank five cups or more of green tea each day had a 31% lower risk of dying from cardiovascular disease compared with those who had less than one. But the study failed to find a beneficial link between drinking black or oolong tea and a reduced risk of dying from CVD. 'Low disease rate' Dr Shinichi Kuriyama, who led the research, said: "The most important finding is that green tea may prolong people's lives through reducing the risk of cardiovascular disease.“ The study attempted to take account of other factors, such as diet. But Ellen Mason, a cardiac nurse at the British Heart Foundation, said the Japanese diet as a whole was particularly healthy, and the findings may not apply to people eating western diets. "The rate of heart disease in Japan is already one of the lowest in the world, and the Japanese diet is believed to play a substantial role in keeping this low. "Drinking 3-4 cups of green tea in parts of Japan is a daily habit. "The average British diet contains more saturated fat than the average Japanese diet, and our levels of heart disease are relatively high compared with many other countries in the world. "It is questionable whether drinking the same amount of green tea a day in the UK would have a significant impact on levels of heart disease.“ She added: "Clinical trials are now needed to discover whether something as simple as green tea really can prevent deaths from heart disease." http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/health/5334836.stm

20. News Articles http://findarticles.com/p/articles/mi_m0675/is_/ai_112408503

21. News Articles http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/health/3125469.stm

22. News Articles http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/health/5281046.stm

23. News Articles http://www.nbc6.net/health/1451480/detail.html

24. News Articles http://www.foxnews.com/story/0,2933,375688,00.html

25. More News Articles • http://www.cbc.ca/news/interactives/who-tea-research/ • http://edition.cnn.com/HEALTH/9709/11/green.tea/ • http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/health/4261558.stm • http://www.kltv.com/Global/story.asp?S=8991644 • http://www.time.com/time/health/article/0,8599,1820250,00.html • http://www.accessibility.com.au/news/neuroprotection-from-green-tea-for-parkinsons-disease • http://www.newswire.ca/en/releases/archive/May2007/29/c5790.html • http://www.news-medical.net/?id=36942 • http://www.bio-medicine.org/medicine-news/Live-long-with-Green-tea-21-21-14110-2/ • http://medicine.com.my/wp/?p=693 • http://www.worldhealth.net/news/green_tea_polyphenol_may_protect_against • http://www.cbsnews.com/stories/2004/04/01/earlyshow/contributors/emilysenay/main609880.shtml

26. Others Informative site • http://www.umm.edu/altmed/articles/green-tea-000255.htm • http://www.japanese-slimming-secrets.com/green_tea_health_benefits.htm • http://www.whfoods.com/genpage.php?tname=foodspice&dbid=146 • http://www.organicfacts.net/organic-beverages/organic-tea/health-benefits-of-green-tea.html • http://www.topblogarea.com/sitedetails_50353.html • http://www.healthhokkaido.com/files/Articles_Oshimi/greentea.cfm • http://health.learninginfo.org/green-tea.htm • http://www.teanewsdirect.com/ • http://www.topix.com/drink/tea • http://www.worldteanews.com/ • http://www.green-tea-health-news.com/

27. 15 reasons to drink NISHIO Japanese Green Tea • Lowers the risk of cardiovascular disease • Reduce the risk of cancer • Preventing the increase of cholesterol • Controlling high blood pressure • Lowering blood sugar • Reduction of body fat • Slowing the aging process • Preventing food poisoning • Practicing good oral hygiene • Prevents infection • Improves dental health and bone density • Fight against flu and other viral diseases • Natural diuretic • Helps you focus and stimulates your thinking • Tastes great Visit: http://www.nishio1854.com/

28. Contact Us We are so proud to offer you our quality products. NISHIOMEIKOUEN, Japan 1-1-24, Ichinocho-Higashi, Sakai City, Osaka 590-0952, Japan NISHIO Japanese Green Tea, Malaysia Global Distributor SCS Premier Marketing SdnBhd(722614-D) 41-1, Jalan Equine 9A, Taman Equine, Bandar Putra Permai, 43300 Seri Kembangan, Selangor DarulEhsan, Malaysia. Tel: +603 8942 1817   Fax: +603 8942 1744 Email: info@nishio1854.com Website: www.nishio1854.com