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ECONOMY

ECONOMY. Primary Sector Agriculture (Rice and Potato) Fishing Secondary Sector Rice mills and processing units Building materials manufacturing Tertiary Sector Administrative functions Wholesale Trade functions. Major Economic Activities in BPA. 22 % HH Employment. 17 %

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ECONOMY

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  1. ECONOMY

  2. Primary Sector Agriculture (Rice and Potato) Fishing Secondary Sector Rice mills and processing units Building materials manufacturing Tertiary Sector Administrative functions Wholesale Trade functions Major Economic Activities in BPA 22 % HH Employment 17 % HH Employment ECONOMY 61 % HH Employment

  3. Retail Trade and commerce Health Services Educational Services Real Estate Transport and Storage Entertainment and Recreation Major Economic Activities in BPA 61 % HH Employment ECONOMY

  4. Spatial Allocation of Economic Activities ECONOMY

  5. Tertiary Occupational Structure ECONOMY Primary Secondary

  6. Tertiary Primary Secondary Occupational Income pattern ECONOMY

  7. Socio-economic stratum in BPA ECONOMY

  8. Stratum - 1 Stratum - 3 Stratum - 5 Stratum - 2 Stratum - 4 BPA MPS = 0.43 MPS = 0.36 MPS = 0.22 MPS = 0.37 Spatial distribution of Income and Expenditure ECONOMY

  9. Household Income Distribution ECONOMY Skewness in distribution high in municipal areas

  10. Rural – Urban gap in spending 20 % of HH spend more than Rs 10000 35 % of HH spend more than Rs 5000 Household Expenditure Distribution ECONOMY

  11. Unemployment (Av. No. of days) ECONOMY • Comparatively high unemployment in non-municipal areas – adds to the informal sector in the town. • Seasonal fluctuation of unemployment – varying pressure on informal sector. • Spatial variance in migration to informal sector – depending on farm employment.

  12. Poverty • 22 percent of HH in BPA lies Below Poverty Level (BPL). • 30 percent of the HH in Non-municipal areas lies BPL. • [BPL - HH with per capita monthly expenditure • below Rs. 300 (at 2002 prices)] • However, consumption statistics reveal greater calorific intake in BPL families (particularly in rural areas) compared to urban counterparts. • Part consumption of homestead produce not reflected in expenditure. ECONOMY

  13. Household Assets ECONOMY • High income elasticity of two-wheeler ownership – typical characteristic of Non-metro Class I Indian town. • 88 percent of the HH owns TV – significant effect on FMCG demand.

  14. Commercialization of Agriculture Increased productivity Better distribution and storage Agricultural marketing Corporate management of its supply chain (both forward linkages and its backward linkages) Agro-based Industries Value addition Product diversification based on potential market identification Marketing, brand building, and market penetration Knowledge based economic activities Specialized Health care facilities Higher order center for learning and research Towards Future Economy of BPA ECONOMY

  15. Transport and Logistics Greater movement of goods through roads Effective demand for Terminal facilities Storage and Warehousing Transfer and Transshipment facilities Trade and Commerce Unorganized retail to organized retail Growth of informal sector [Dualism] Banking services Finance and Credit institutions Real Estate development Building construction and management Building materials manufacturing Towards Future Economy of BPA ECONOMY

  16. Agricultural Hinterland Within 50 km catchment area 2 Million MT of Rice 1.2 million MT of Potato Market for produce Proximity of large urban agglomeration Bigger consumer base Per-capita consumption of processed food increases with size of urban agglomeration Labor force Labor intensive in nature Major share of semi skilled worker Minor share of skilled technical staff Labor mobility Catchment area with 4-5 km radius for semi-skilled labor Catchment area with 10 -15 km radius for skilled labor Location Allocation of Agro-based Industries Agro Base ECONOMY

  17. Land Land availability and ownership issues Land price Opportunity cost Land use transformation Political and bureaucratic impediments Infrastructure Connectivity Roads Transfer and terminal facilities Storage and distribution Water availability Waste water disposal Stringent pollution control measures affect production cost and price competitiveness of the product Common Treatment Facility [achieving scale economics] Location Allocation of Agro-based Industries ECONOMY

  18. Power Availability Reliability Tariff structure Air pollution measures Wind direction and settlement location Solid waste disposal Business Environment Ease of Entry [Project initiation to production] Credit availability Ease of hiring and firing workforce Temporal nature of in-migration during lean agro-months Contract enforcement Ease of Quitting Location Allocation of Agro-based Industries ECONOMY

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