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Mathematics learning support. Videos to address student questions as they arise Ellen Appleby and Antony Dekkers , Mathematics Learning Centre, CQUniversity. Scaffolding (original principles ). Principle 1 and 2 – Diagnosis and initial support
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Mathematics learning support Videos to address student questions as they arise Ellen Appleby and Antony Dekkers, Mathematics Learning Centre, CQUniversity
Scaffolding (original principles) • Principle 1 and 2 – Diagnosis and initial support • Principle 3 – Adaptive or dynamic feedback cycle • Principle 4 – Demonstration of learning • Principle 5 - Fading
Application of these principles • TabletPCs can provide fast individualised feedback to students thus creating a dynamic feedback loop that can be faded as the student(s) demonstrates the learning.
Fast individual feedback through videosThe advantages for students • Gives fast response from lecturers to requests/problems through email • Can be tailored to individual problems by the lecturer • Can be stopped, started rewound
Fast individual feedback through videos The advantages for lecturers • Gives fast response to student requests/problems • Can be tailored for individual students or as a bank of resources to meet common problems • Videos are quick and easy to make • Little preparation • Rarely require editing • Emailed directly to the student (file size is small)
The tools • Tablet PC with microphone • Camtesia® Software (or screen and audio capture software) • Tablet PC scribing program such as • Windows Journal • Word • Powerpoint • PDF Annotator • etc
The process using Camtesia® • Open Camtesia • Set it to record screen mode, turn off audio and video camera • Open a screen in a tablet scribing program (egWindows Journal®, Powerpoint®, Word®, PDF Annotator®) • Record the video of the scribed calculation/lesson first • Then add the audio (Add Narration) to the video (this is more controllable) • Check audio fits video (can edit easily) • Publish video to custom, either as wmv (Windows media player) or Quicktime file
Scaffolding • Scaffolding – what does it really mean? • What is effective scaffolding? • What are the processes of scaffolding?
Original intention of scaffolding • The formulation of this notion was designed to explore the nature of the support that an adult provides in helping a child to learn how to perform a task that, alone, the child could not master. • (Wood, Bruner & Ross, 1976, cited Wood and Wood, 1996)
Effective Learning Support • “Bloom concluded that face-to-face instruction leads to an improvement of two Standard Deviations over conventional class teaching (i.e. about 98% of individually taught learners score above the average for group taught). If computer-based systems could be designed to capture even part of this benefit, then the educational rewards of the research could be highly significant.” • (Cited in Wood & Wood, 1996)
Scaffolding – the term • Scaffolding as a term has become overused and its meaning has become unclear and has lost its significance. • It has become a proxy for any cultural practices that were a form of mediated learning support that included people, artefacts, media, computers and other ICTs. • (Pea, 2004)