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Radical Political Islam: Rejection of Modernity and Secularism

Explore the rise of Radical Political Islam in the 20th century, its rejection of Western Enlightenment values, and the influence of key figures like Sayyid Qutb on shaping its ideology. Understand its opposition to Western modernity and the push for a return to traditional Islamic values. Learn about the shift in the concept of Jihad and the tactics employed by radical Islamists. This chapter delves into the ideologies and actions that define Radical Political Islam.

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Radical Political Islam: Rejection of Modernity and Secularism

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  1. Chap 10, pp. 298-304 onlyRadical Political Islampp. 298-304

  2. 20th Century Pan Arab Nationalism • Pan Arab Nationalist Regimes – Drew on western secularism & western modernity • “Nasserism” (1952-1970) – Pan-Arab nationalist movement by Gemal Abdul Nasser in Egypt • “Ba’athism” – Arab nationalist type regimes (influenced in part by western secularism & socialism) • Iraq (1968 - 2003) • Syria (1966 - Present) • Pro-western hereditary monarchies • Iran under the Shah of Iran (1965 – 1979) • Contemporary Examples: Saudi Arabia, Kuwait, Jordan • Radical Political Islam – Arose in Opposition to the Above • Starting with the 1979 Iranian Islamic Revolution against the Iranian Monarch (Shah)

  3. Muslim Counter-Enlightenment • Radical Islamic movements reject the western Enlightenment tradition, especially the focus on secularism and “individual autonomy” • Radical Islam seeks a return to a more pure form of Islam, not tainted by secularism and modernity • Radical Islamists are opposed to: • Western modernity • Muslims who endorse the incorporation of Western modernity

  4. Sayyid Qutb (1906-1966) and Radical Islam • Egyptian exile who criticized King Faruq’s pro-Western stance • Articulated a strong ideological reaction against Western modernity • Became important intellectual leader of the Muslim Brotherhood • Qutb rejected Nasser’s secularist pan-Arab project

  5. Qutb and Radical Islam • Provided essential parts of the ideological foundation of Radical Islam • Non Muslims and Westernized Muslims suffer from “false consciousness” • Liberalism: sovereignty of individual; Socialism: sovereignty of the proletariat; Radical Islam: sovereignty of Allah • Under radical Islam, Jihad is no longer an inner struggle to follow the Qu’ran • Jihad becomes an outwards struggle or holy war against modernity, secularism, capitalism, sexual equality, etc.

  6. Radical Islam & Political Program • Attack Muslims who embrace and institutionalize Western modernity • Wage jihad against forces of the West whose presence in Muslim lands represents corruption by an infidel “aggressor” • Education/indoctrination in religious schools (madrassas) • Use of violence and terror tactics by moderate Muslims across traditions, is of course, forbidden • Use of violence against Enlightenment modernity is associated only with radical forms of Islam

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