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RUSSIA WITH STALIN IN CHARGE………. NOT CONCERNED WITH DEVELOPMENTS OUTSIDE OF RUSSIA. STALIN’S GOALS FOR RUSSIA. 1. Create the perfect Communist state in Russia 2. Set up Central Government Planning – all decisions go through Moscow ( COMMAND ECONOMY)
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RUSSIA WITH STALIN IN CHARGE………. NOT CONCERNED WITH DEVELOPMENTS OUTSIDE OF RUSSIA
STALIN’S GOALS FOR RUSSIA • 1. Create the perfect Communist state in Russia • 2. Set up Central GovernmentPlanning – all decisions go through Moscow (COMMAND ECONOMY) • 3. Build strong Nationalism – protect Russia from all foreign enemies – MAKE RUSSIA #1 • 4. “Catch – up” to the west in 10 YEARS! (50-100yrs behind – militarily and industrially)
5 YEAR PLANS(1st plan: 1928 – 1933) • 1. Command Economy • 2. Each industry had “target goals” to reach in 5 years • 3. All government money invested in industry, energy and transportation • Production of consumer goods decreases
THE FIVE YEAR PLAN INPRACTICE – HOW IT REALLY WORKS? • 1. THE GOVT. decides who works and where and for how long • 2. THE GOVT.decides where you live • 3. THOSE WHO OBJECT OR ARE SLACKERSwere imprisoned or killed
DID THE FIVE YEAR PLAN WORK????????????? • YES AND NO --- Goals weren’t met BUT amazing progress made in 5 years • Electricity generated increased 800%; steel production increased from 4 million to 18 million tons
THE 2ND FIVE YEAR PLAN (1933-1938) • SAME SET UP AS THE FIRST PLAN, BUT NEW, NEW HIGHER GOALS!!! • RESULTS: • 1. Increase in coal production • 2. Increase in the # of RR • 3. Increase in electric productions • 4. Development of Siberia (natural resources)
EDUCATION LEVELS ROSE --- Those with promise/talent given special privileges • GOVT. CONTROL OF EDUCATION/DAILY LIFE INCREASED • STANDARD OF LIVING DECREASED
GULAGS FORMED (Prisons in Siberia – work camps) BY 1938 – The Soviet Union is a WORLD POWER (Like the US, GB, and Germany)
STALIN’S AGRICULTURAL REVOLUTION: Agricultural policy was BRUTAL Similar to the 5 year plan but worse
USSR IN 1928 • 25 Million small farms • 7000 tractors • 140 million people
STALIN’S PLAN: COLLECTIVE FARMS
STARTING IN 1928: • No privately owned farms • All land is used to create large farms
TYPICAL COLLECTIVE FARM – STALIN’S VISION: • Huge acreage • 100’s of families live and work there together • Modern machinery and farming methods • GOAL – more food produced by less people!!!!!!!!
THE REALITY OF COLLECTIVE FARMS: • Peasants hated the idea and objected; KULAKS (wealthier farmers) rebel • Destroyed crops/livestock rather than give it to the government • Famines in 1931 and 1932
STALIN’S REACTION • Take harvest from farmers by force --- give to cities • Kill (5-10 million)/exile (to Siberia) those who protest ---- GULAG • BY 1938 ---- 90% OF ALL FARMS COLLECTIVIZED
SOVIET UNION UNDER STALIN • 1. Totalitarian Government (a country which a dictator or small group controlled every part of the lives of its citizens • 2. Secret police with unlimited power to arrest, kill, etc. • 3. Religion more or less outlawed –churches closed-religion was taught to be a backward idea in schools
SOVIET UNION UNDER STALIN CONTINUED: • 4. 1934 Communist Party Purges • Trials and executions held for “Crimes against the state” • All original Bolsheviks (Lenin’s buddies, even Stalin’s supporters) killed • 5. Anyone could be arrested/tried/killed exiled for any reason • Examples: Having friends in other countries • Zoo animals sick – director’s fault (punished) • Police had “quotas” to fill (find enemies of state or die yourself)
THE SOVIET UNION UNDER STALIN CONTINUED AGAIN. • 6. SU progresses in terms of Technology and Industry • 7. Personal rights/freedoms (worse than under Alexander III) • 8. Standard of living --- low compared to the West • 9. Small elite group (communist party) lived well and had all the power.