World War I And The Treaty of Versailles

1. World War IAnd The Treaty of Versailles

2. Causes of World WAR I • World War I began when Archduke Franz Ferdinand was assassinated by a Serbian, GavriloPrincipon June 28, 1914. The Archduke was next in line to be emperor of Austria-Hungary. Serbians were angry with Austria-Hungary since 1908 because it had taken over Bosnia and Herzegovina. This led Austria-Hungary to declare war on Serbia. • Russia had an alliance with Serbia (due to their similar Slavic backgrounds), so it sent troops to defend Serbia and began World War I.

3. Europe before World War I Began

4. What is an alliance? • An alliance is an agreement among people or countries to unite for a common cause. • Many alliances had formed between European countries before World War I began.

5. World War I Alliances 1914 - 1918 • Central Powers • Austria-Hungary • Germany • Turkey • Bulgaria • The Allies • Russia (dropped in 1917) • France • United Kingdom • Italy (in 1915) • United States (in 1917)

6. What Happened? • Germany joined the war due to its alliance with Austria-Hungary, and France came in on the side of Russia and Serbia. Germany then invaded a neutral Belgium, which brought the United Kingdom in due to its alliance with Belgium. • In 1917, German submarines sank four American merchant ships, so the United States declared war on Germany and joined the United Kingdom, France, Italy, and Russia. • Russia dropped out of the war due to the Russian Revolution beginning in its country in 1917. • When WWI ended, nearly 22 million civilians and soldiers from both sides had died. • The Allies won, but Europe had been devastated.

7. European Devastation

8. European Devastation

9. European Devastation

10. European Devastation

11. WWI introduces New Warfare tactics • New ways of fighting and new inventions had been developed that were used in WWI: • Trench warfare • Airplanes • Tanks • Poisonous gas/gas masks • Automatic weapons • U-boats/Submarines

12. After World War I: The Treaty of Versailles • Europe was devastated. Many people were left homeless, starving, jobless and poor. • The Allies blamed Germany for the devastation to Europe and forced Germany to sign the Treaty of Versailles in 1919. • The Treaty of Versailles demanded Germany be punished for the war and declared Germany would: • Pay for the damages done to much of Europe • Would give up one million square miles of land in Europe • Limit its armed forces • Accept full responsibility for the war and damages

13. Europe after World War I

14. The League of Nations • President Woodrow Wilson of the United States had proposed that the nations of the world come together and create a governing body so that another World War would never again occur. • So the Treaty of Versailles created a League of Nations. • The United States Senate never agreed to the formation of this League of Nations, so it never proved to be a strong governing body to enforce the punishment of Germany.

15. Woodrow Wilson Treaty of Versailles