Unit 2 Chapter 3 Section 1

1. Unit 2Chapter 3Section 1 Colonial Settlement 1587-1779 Early English Settlements

2. VocabularySection 1 • Charter – a document that gives the holder the right to organize settlements in an area • Joint-stock company – a company in which investors buy stock in the company in return for a share of its future profits

3. VocabularySection 1 • Burgesses – elected representatives to an assembly • Headright – a 50-acre grant of land given to colonial settlers who paid their own way

4. Vocabulary Section 2 • Persecute – to treat someone harshly because of that person's beliefs or practices • Dissent – disagreement with or opposition to an opinion

5. Vocabulary Section 2 • Separatist – Protestants who, during the 1600s, wanted to leave the Anglican Church in order to found their own churches • Puritan – Protestants who, during the 1600s, wanted to reform the Anglican Church

6. Vocabulary Section 2 Pilgrim – Separatists who journeyed to the colonies during the 1600s for a religious purpose Mayflower Compact – a formal document, written in 1620, that provided law and order to the Plymouth colony

7. Vocabulary Section 2 • Fundamental Orders of Connecticut – Connecticut established the colony’s plan of government. • Toleration – the acceptance of different beliefs

8. VocabularySection 3 • Patroon – landowner in the Dutch colonies who ruled like a king over large areas of land

9. VocabularySection 3 • Proprietary colony – colony run by individuals or groups to whom land was granted Pacifist - person opposed to the use of war or violence to settle disputes

10. Vocabulary Section 4 • Indentured servant – laborer who agreed to work without pay for a certain period of time in exchange for passage to America

11. Vocabulary Section 4 • Debtor - Person or country that owes money • Constitution – a formal plan of government

12. VocabularySection 5 • Tenant Farmer – farmer who works land owned by another and pays rent either in cash or crops • Mission – religious settlement

13. Lesson Essential Question • Although England’s first attempts at colonizing failed, why did Jamestown not only survive but also gained the right to representative government?

14. England & Spain are at war • Two reasons for the conflicts • Religious differences • Spain’s King Philip II was Catholic & wanted a Catholic back on the throne in England • Did not consider Queen Elizabeth, a Protestant the rightful ruler

15. England & Spain are at war • Trading rivalry • Sir Francis Drake – attacked Spanish ships & ports • Infuriated King Philip • Wanted to punish the Queen of England • She knighted Drake • King Philip sent the Spanish Armanda to conquer England – he failed • End of the Spanish control of the seas • The war did continue until 1604 • Things are all clear for England & other European countries to start colonies in America

16. 100 men are sent to settle Roanoke Island • Prior to their victory over Spain, England attempted to establish themselves in America • 1583 – Sir Humphrey Gilbert • Claimed Newfoundland for England • He died at sea attempted to find a place along the coast

17. 100 men are sent to settle Roanoke Island • Sir Walter Raleigh • Given the right to claim land not already owned by a Christian monarch • Raleigh sent out scouts • Returned with reports about Roanoke Island • Off the coast of North Carolina today • Farmland & good local people

18. 100 men are sent to settle Roanoke Island • 1585 – 100 men are sent by Raleigh to settle the island • Hard winter, settlers returned to England • 2nd attempt by Raleigh – two years later • 91 men, 17 women, and 9 children • John White – mapmaker & artist – leader of the group • Began to build a permanent colony • Needed more supplies – White returned to England • Get more settlers • War with Spain delayed his return for 3 years • When he returned the settlers were gone • Croatoan - carved in a gatepost – only clue • Had they gone to Croatoan Island a 100 miles away? • Weather kept White from looking for them http://www.history.com/topics/jamestown/videos/mystery-roanoke?m=528e394da93ae&s=undefined&f=1&free=false

19. Virginia Company joint Stock Company • http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Ne2tzfxQ6T4 • Roanoke discouraged many • Sir Walter Raleigh’s last attempt at a colony • 1606 – The Virginia Company sought charters – investors bought stock in a company in exchange for a share in future profits • Charters would give the right to organize a settlement • King James I gave them the right to organize settlements • Sent 144 settlers in 3 ships • They were to look for gold and establish fishing and fur trade • 40 died during the voyage

20. Virginia Company joint Stock Company • Lured settlers by giving land grant of 50 acres called a headright • To anyone who could pay their way or someone else’s way to travel to Virginia

21. Virginia Company joint Stock Company • April 1607 – they entered the Chesapeake Bay • Entered a river and named it the James River & their new settlement Jamestown • Built on a peninsula – protection from attack • Problems – swampy land (not good for farming), mosquitoes (malaria), & surrounded by Native Americans • Not used to hard labor • Searched for gold & silver (investors) rather than farming • Disease & hunger set in • January 1608 – more ships arrived • With men and supplies • Only 38 men left from the first group

22. Captain John Smitharrived in Jamestown • 1608 – 27 years old • Solider & explorer • Forced the settlers to work • Powhatan people gave them corn • Jamestown survived it’s second year • Strict rule • http://www.history.com/topics/jamestown/videos#death-at-jamestown

23. Virginia Company replaced Smith with Lord De La Warr • 1609-10 • Barely survived the winter “starving time” • Ate – horses, dogs, cats, rats, and mice • Trouble with the Native Americans – had to barricade themselves in • May – new groups of settlers • Found 60 left

24. Saved by Tobacco • No sign of gold or silver • Grew tobacco for their investors • 1614 - 1st sold in England • Sales from tobacco helped the Virginia Colony grow and prosper • Now popular in Europe • Some found it unhealthy & disgusting • King James I “vile and stinking” custom http://www.history.com/topics/jamestown/videos#the-value-of-tobacco • Virginia now prospering • Chief Powhatan – relationship now improving • John Rolfe married Pocahontas – the Chiefs daughter • http://www.history.com/topics/jamestown/videos#the-value-of-tobacco

25. JamestownThe Early Years • Most of the settlers were men • Worked for the Virginia Company • Military Rule • Governors imposed rigid discipline & organized work gangs • Settlers began to complain • 1619 – London • Company agreed to give settlers some say in government • Sir George Yeardly – a burgess was sent to govern the colony & end military rule • Allowed the men laws • July 30, 1619 – The House of Burgesses met for the 1st time in a church in Jamestown • It’s major purpose was to make local laws for the colony

26. Women • 1619 – Virginia Company sent 100 women • Things would not have taken off without families • Payment of 120 pounds of tobacco in order to obtain the right to marry one of the women

27. First Africans in America • Dutch – 1619 • Brought in 20 of the first Africans to be sold to Virginia plantation owners • Labor in the tobacco fields • May have originally been brought as servants – just work for a short period – not actual slaves • Until 1640 (Jamestown) – Africans were free & owned property • William Tucker was the 1st African American born in the colonies • He was free • Later – Africans brought in to be sold as slaves • Early 1620s – financial trouble for the Virginia Company • Little return on their investment • Attacks from Native Americans • 1624 – King James I canceled the charter • Took control of the colony • England’s 1st Royal Colony

28. New England Colonies Section 2

29. Lesson Essential Question • What were the roles of Pilgrims, Puritans, and others in the beginnings of the New England Colonies?

30. New England Settlers • 1614 – Captain John Smith • Explored & mapped out the New England coast • Patuxent harbor – later renamed Plymouth • New group of settlers from England • Not coming for money – coming for Religious Freedom

31. Protestant Anglican ChurchOfficial Church of England • Many dissented or disagreed with the Church of England • English Catholics still believed the Pope was head of the church • Often persecuted or treated harshly • Protestants - Puritans wanted to reform the Anglican Church • Separatists • wanted to break away altogether • Found their own churches

32. Separatists • England persecuted them • They disagreed with the views and practices of the Anglican Church • Some went to the Netherlands • Did find religious freedom but still had problems • Couldn’t find work • Not accepted by the craft guilds • Worried their children would lose their English heritage • Separatists in the Netherlands • Deal with the Virginia Company • Could settle in Virginia & practice their own religion freely • They would share their profits to the company • Considered themselves Pilgrims – their journey had a religious purpose

33. Protestant Anglican Church • Early 1600s – official church of England • King Henry VIII broke away from the Catholic Church in 1534 • Formed the Anglican Church

34. Separatists • September 1620 • 102 passengers boarded the Mayflower • 35 were actually Pilgrims – Separatists • Their journey had a religious purpose • The others were strangers • Common people, servants, craft people, & poor farmers – looking for a better life • All early settlers usually called Pilgrims • Because Pilgrim goals and beliefs shaped life in the Plymouth colony • http://www.history.com/topics/plymouth/videos#the-mayflower • http://www.history.com/topics/plymouth/videos#the-mayflower

35. Mayflower Compact • Cape Cod • Mayflower passengers had hoped to settle in Virginia • Cape Cod was the first land sited • November – decided to drop anchor in Cape Cod Bay • December – went ashore • Called the place Plymouth • William Bradford was their leader & historian • Plymouth outside of Virginia Company territory & laws • Needed order • Drew up a document called the Mayflower Compact • Pledged loyalty to England and declared their intention to form “a civil body politic, for our better ordering and preservation.” • Would obey laws for the good of the colony • http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=CbjWqsC0Lpk • http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=sYr8LbFNB00

36. Native Americans to the rescue • 1st winter • Half of the Pilgrims died • Malnutrition, disease, and cold • Spring – Squanto (Wampanoag who had been kidnapped by an English captain and learned English) & Samoset • Befriended the colonists • Showed them how to grow corn, beans, and pumpkins • Showed them where to hunt and fish • They would not have survived without their help • Helped them make a treaty with the Wampanoag • Autumn of 1621 – Pilgrims invited Native Americans to celebrate peace between them

37. New England CompanyMassachusetts Bay • Charles I – 1625 – English Throne • Objected to Puritans request for Anglican Church reforms • Increased persecution of Puritans – ready to leave • 1628 – some Puritans formed the New England Company • Received a royal charter to establish the Massachusetts Bay Colony • Establish a new society based on the Bible and their own beliefs • North of Plymouth • John Winthrop– chosen as governor – well educated Puritan • Led 1,000 men, women, and children in 11 ships • Most landed in Boston

38. The Great Migration • 15,000 Puritans left England for Massachusetts • Religious persecution & economic hard times • General Court of Massachusetts • Run by an elected group • Settlers wanted a role in government • Colonial legislature was created • To vote for governor or General Court representative • Owned land • Be a member of the church • Puritans – came to America for religious freedom • Little toleration • Would not allow other religious groups the same freedom • Persecuted others • Another colony would be needed

39. ConnecticutFundamental Orders of Connecticut • 1630s – new settlement • South of Massachusetts • Better farmland • Thomas Hooker – minister • Ready to leave • Unhappy with the leadership • 1636 – led his congregation through the woods to Connecticut • Founded Hartford • 3 years later – Hartford, Windsor, and Wethersfield formed a colony • Adopted - Fundamental Orders of Connecticut • The first written constitution in America • Description of an organized government

40. Banished from Massachusetts • Rhode Island established by colonists forced from Massachusetts • Roger Williams – minister • People should be free to practice any religion • Church & government should be separate • Wrong to take land from Native Americans • 1635 – Williams ideas disturbed many • He was banished • Left before he could be sent back to England • To refuge with the Wampanoag people • Bought land on Narragansett Bay – founded Providence • 1644 – received a charter for the colony of Rhode Island • Religious toleration for all faiths, including Jews

41. Exeter, New Hampshire • 1638 – John Wheelwright • Led a group of dissidents from Massachusetts – North • Same year - Puritan group settled Hampton • 1679 – the colony of New Hampshire became fully independent of Massachusetts

42. Anne Hutchinson in Massachusetts • 1634 – arrived with her husband and son • Boston – held religious meetings in her home • Horrified officials • She questions religious authorities • Women should have more power • She was considered to be BOLD • Seen as a danger with increased following • 1637 – put of trial for heresy – criticizing church officials • She defended herself • Proved her knowledge of religion • Found guilty • Ordered to leave the colony “a women not fit for society” • She left with her family and some followers to Rhode Island

43. Native Americans • Helped settlers adapt to the new land • Traded • Furs for goods –>Iron, pots, blankets, and guns • Conflicts • Settlers moving onto their lands without permission or payment

44. Population decreases • 1600 – around 100,000 Native Americans in New England • 1675 – only 10,000 survived • Diseases • Chicken pox, smallpox, measles, and other European diseases

45. Wars • 1637 – war between Connecticut settlers and Pequot people • English resented traded network • Included Dutch settlers from New Amsterdam • Pequot War • English savage attack on Pequot • Surrounded village and set it on fire • Killed those that attempted to escape • 1675 – Massachusetts settlers went to war with Wampanoag people – King Philips War • Metacomet – their chief – known as King Philip • Raided frontier outposts to keep the English from advancing • In 3 years killed several thousand settlers • Settlers found an ally in Mohawk – Wampanoag rival • Attack their village and killed Metacomet • Wampanoag defeated • Massachusetts settlements can now be enlarged

46. Middle Colonies Section 3

47. Lesson Essential Question • How did the founding of New York City and Penn’s Philadelphia help to make the Middle Colonies very diverse?

48. Civil War in EnglandEnglish & Puritans • Power struggles against King Charles I • Puritan leader – Oliver Cromwell • Parliamentary forces defeated the King Charles I in 1649 • Convicted of treason • Beheaded • New Government • Cromwell – Proctor • Puritans – many left Old England for New England during the turmoil • Those loyal to the king went to royal colonies i.e. Virginia • Cromwell’s death – 1658 • Parliament brought back the Monarchy • Limits placed on ruler’s power • Charles II becomes king in 1660 – Restoration (monarchy has been restored) • Son of Charles I

49. The division • 1660 – England in the Americas • North • Massachusetts, New Hampshire, Connecticut, & Rhode Island • South • Maryland & Virginia • Middle • Dutchcolonies • 1624 – Dutch West Indies company had been formed • Posts along the Hudson – New Netherland • Main settlement of New Amsterdam (Manhattan Island) • Excellent ports – center of shipping • 1626 – purchased from the Manhates people • Beads and other goods

50. Dutch West Indies Companywanted settlers • Patroons– wealthy landowners (ruled like kings) who acquired riverfront estates from the Dutch West India Company • A large estate would be given to anyone who brought 50 settlers with them to work the land • They charged whatever rents they wanted • Company wanted to increase the number of settlers • Sent people from Netherlands, Germany, Sweden, and Finland • http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=AA11jdbgeBw