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World War II

World War II. I. American Involvement in WWII. FDR recognizes Soviet Union Neutrality Acts Neutrality Act 1935: No U.S. weapons to any “belligerent” nation 2 nd Neutrality Act 1936: No U.S. $ to any nation at war 3 rd Neutrality Act: Previous laws permanent; no passengers on warring ships

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World War II

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  1. World War II

  2. I. American Involvement in WWII • FDR recognizes Soviet Union • Neutrality Acts • Neutrality Act 1935: No U.S. weapons to any “belligerent” nation • 2nd Neutrality Act 1936: No U.S. $ to any nation at war • 3rd Neutrality Act: Previous laws permanent; no passengers on warring ships • “Cash-and-carry”

  3. 6. Destroyers for bases

  4. II. FDR Prepares • 1938begins to prepare • Isolation or Intervention? • Selective Service Actages 21-35 • 1940FDR elected to 3rd term • 4 Freedoms • Speech • Religion • From want • From fear

  5. FDR Prepares (cont’d) • Lend-Lease Act: Britain gets U.S. war materials • Atlantic Charter • Self-determination • Free trade • 1940- Sel.Ser.males 18-65

  6. III. Wartime Mobilization • 260,000 women enlisted 2. Women’s Army Corps

  7. Women Appointed for Voluntary Emergency Service (WAVES)

  8. 4. Women’s Auxiliary Ferrying Squandron • Office of War Mobilization • Unemployment vanishes

  9. Wartime Mobilization(cont’d) • Price Administration • Economic Stabilization • Price floors/ceilings • Tax code • Rationing

  10. Wartime Mobilization(cont’d) 9. Americans savedhelp spending after the war • Nation debt ↑ $200 bill. • War bonds • OWI (Office of War Information)

  11. IV. Women and Minorities During Wartime • “Rosie the Riveter” • Women earned 2/3 of male salary.

  12. Women and Minorities During Wartime (cont’d) • Afr.-Am. move to industrial centers • Race riots

  13. 5. Mex. Am.-return under bracero Program • Nat. Am.- enlisted; a. Navajo Code Talkers

  14. Bracero Program

  15. V. Japanese

  16. Japanese (cont’d) • 100,000 Japanese Am. relocated; citizens • Executive Order 9066 • Fear that Japanese-American citizens might turn on the U.S. • Only 30% foreign born • Korematsu v. United States, 1944

  17. VI. Diplomacy and Conferences

  18. Diplomacy and Conferences (cont’d) • Big Three: FDR, Churchill, Stalin • Casablanca, Tehran, Yalta, Potsdam • 1943, Casablanca • Invade Sicily • “Unconditional Surrender” • Nov. 1943—Tehran • Seeds of D-Day sown • Stalin declare war against Japan

  19. Diplomacy and Conferences (cont’d) • 1st disagreements • Stalin wanted a “buffer zone” • Churchill wanted a free Europe • Feb. 1945, Yalta • Stalin agreed to go to war w/Japan in 90 days • Free Eastern Europe w/free elections • “Skeleton” of the UN • Germany divided into 4 zones

  20. Diplomacy and Conferences (cont’d) • April 12, 1945—FDR dies • Potsdam Conference (Post-Nazi defeat) • Truman, Atlee, Stalin • Unconditional Surrender of Japan; war-crimes tribunals; occupation of Germany • Much disagreementbrink of a breakup

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