Cells

1. Cells Structures and their Functions

2. ALL Living things are made of CELLS • Some have many cells, they are MULTICELLULAR • Some have only one cell, they are UNICELLULAR

3. Who was Robert Hooke? • This man was the first to see cells under the microscope. • He was looking at cork and thought the compartments looked like little prison cells.

4. This is what he saw!

5. Animal Cells Cell Structures and their Functions

6. Various Animal Cells

7. Muscle Cells

8. Red Blood Cells

9. Cheek Cells

10. Animal Cell 1 • They have a random shape due to the 1)Cell Membrane= a thin lipid (fat) layer that protects the cell and regulates what enters and exits the cell

11. 1 2 • The cell is filled with 2)Cytoplasm= a jellylike liquid material that holds the other organelles (‘little organs”) within the cell, give structure to the cell.  ANALOGY The air in school

12. 1 2 • Usually found in the center is the 3)Nucleus= a dense, rounded structure that controls the activities of the cell and hold the DNA  ANALOGY The principal 3

13. Within the nucleus are 4) Chromosomes= genetic material inside the nucleus; made of threadlike strands (DNA) 2 1 3 4

14.  ANALOGY The generator/ lights in the building • One structure is the 5) Mitochondria= rod like cell parts that releases energy (ATP) for cell processes, the (power house) 1 2 3 4 5

15. Another structure is the 6) Endoplasmic Reticulum(ER)= located outside the nucleus, they are channels that help transport and assemble proteins and other materials. 1 2 3 4 6 5

16. 2 1 • Located on the ER are the 7) Ribosomes= produce proteins needed for growth and repair of the cell (little dots on ER) 3 4 7 6 5

17. 2 1 • After leaving the ER, proteins enter the 8) Golgi Apparatus= modifies, sorts, and packages the proteins for later use. 3 4 7 8 6 5

18. 2 1 9 3 4 7 8 6 5 9) Vacuole= a storage space for food, water, and waste

19. 2 1 9 3 4 7 8 6 5 • When all the processes are complete in the animal cell, these take over 10) Lysosomes= contain digestive enzymes that clean the cell 10

20. Animal Cell 2 1 9 3 4 7 8 6 5 10

22. Plant Cells Cell Structures and their Functions

23. 1 Plant Cells • One difference between animal and plant cells is that plant cells have a much more rigid exterior because they have a • 1) Cell wall= surrounds the cell membrane and provides support for the plant

24. 1 2 • Plant cells do have 2) cell membranesjust like an animal cell

25. 1 2 3 • Plant cells have 3) cytoplasmalso

26. 1 2 3 4 5 • A plant cell still has a 4) nucleuswith 5) chromosomesinside

27. 1 2 3 4 6 5 • Plant cells have 6) mitochondria too

28. 1 2 3 4 • Plant cells also still have the 7) ERand the 8) ribosomes(little dots) 8 7 6 5

29. Again after leaving the ER, proteins enter the 9) golgi. 1 2 3 4 9 8 7 6 5

30. 1 2 3 4 • Another difference in plant cells is that the 10) Vacuole is MUCH BIGGER in plant cells, still stores water and nutrients, but also acts like the lysosomes found in plant cells 10 9 8 7 6 5

31. 1 2 3 11 • Finally, the last different structure in a plant cell is the 11) chloroplasts = small oval shaped structures that contain chlorophyll, which give plants their green color. Photosynthesis occurs here. 10 9 8 4 7 6 5

32. 11 1 10 2 9 3 8 4 7 6 5 1 Cell wall 2 Cell membrane 3 Cytoplasm 4 Nucleus 5 Chromosome 6 Mitochondria 7 ER 8 Ribosome 9 Golgi 10 Vacuole 11 Chloroplast • What is the function of organelle #11? • Is it ONLY found in plant cells?