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Lubrication

Lubrication. Oil. Purpose Cool Clean Lubricate Seal Properties Viscosity Pour point Service classification Types Mineral based Synthetic based. Viscosity Ratings. 10w-30 W stands for winter, NOT weight

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Lubrication

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  1. Lubrication

  2. Oil • Purpose • Cool • Clean • Lubricate • Seal • Properties • Viscosity • Pour point • Service classification • Types • Mineral based • Synthetic based

  3. Viscosity Ratings • 10w-30 • W stands for winter, NOT weight • Passes the 10W viscosity test, meaning that it will flow easily enough at sub-zero temperature to provide adequate lubrication • Passes the 30 viscosity test, meaning that at 212 degrees F it has thinned out to what a straight 30 weight oil would have

  4. Pour Point • Five degrees above the temperature at which oil will no longer flow • For 5w oils the pour point is approx. –40 degrees Fahrenheit • Pumping point (point at which the oil will no longer allow sufficient flow through the engine) is generally about 25 degrees above the pour point.

  5. Service Classification • API (American petroleum institute) certifies oil based on the oil’s performance in various tests and the API seal will be on the bottle • SA - SL ratings are for gasoline engines • S stands for Service • CA - CI-4 ratings are for diesel engines • C stands for Commercial • The oil used in an engine must be the service classification called for by the manufacturer or more recent • API Service Classifications

  6. Types of Oil • Mineral based • Refined from crude oil • Molecules are not as Consistent as synthetics • Synthetic based • Polyalphaolefin (PAO) base stock • Hydroisomerized petroleum base stock • More consistent molecular structure

  7. Oil Performance Additives and Properties • Additives • Detergents • Dispersants • Friction modifiers • Anti-oxidants • Anti-acid • Anti-foaming • Properties • Shear strength • Flash point

  8. Lubrication System Components • Oil sump • Usually the oil pan • May be baffled • May use a windage tray to prevent oil from “roping” around the crankshaft • Oil pick-up – usually has a coarse screen

  9. Lubrication System Components • Oil pump • Two common types • Gear • Rotor • Oil pump creates flow, not pressure • Pressure is created when when the oil pump has a larger capacity that all of the “leaks” in the engine • Pressure regulator • Most located in the pump • Excessive oil pressure may rupture a pump, erode bearings, cause high oil temps, and increase the amount of power needed to run the oil pump (rule of thumb - 10 PSI per 1000 rpm)

  10. Lubrication System Components • Oil filter • All oil that leaves the pump goes directly to the filter • All filters contain a by-pass valve that allows oil to by-pass the filter if it becomes clogged • Many filters contain an anti-siphon check valve to prevent dry startups • Oil coolers • Oil passages • Oil pressure indicator

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