Define:

1. Define: • Design also known as?? • Greek word? Meaning? • Theistic argument • Analogical Argument • A posteriori, inductive argument. • A Summa Theologiae • Which 5 ways?? What happened in the first 3?

2. Starter: Key Cards • Key Words • Quotations - 2

3. William Paley (1743-1805) • Most popular exponent. • 19th century Philosopher and Theologian. • In Natural Theology (1802) most famous exposition. • Paley used the famous ‘watch analogy’ (an ‘old fashioned’ mechanical watch, with a tremendously complex movement of cogs, wheels and springs, rather than the modern quartz watch):

4. In the classic form of this analogical argument Paley asks us to imagine we are crossing a heath, and find a stone. I would not be puzzled by its presence. Imagine you found a watch there instead. You would ask: ‘Who do you think made this?’ To say ‘nobody’ is absurd. Why? Watch shows evidence of DESIGN and PURPOSE – someone had to be responsible for it’s existence.

5. It is not reasonable to assume that a watch found on a heath came about without the agency of a watchmaker. • Watch manifests order and interaction of parts - purpose. Complexity entails a designer. • By analogy - it is equally unreasonable to suggest that the universe, with all its intricacies, came about without a designer (sciences his day to try to prove this). • You could equally well apply the argument to other comparisons between nature and manufactured items.

7. Consider: • Anatomy of human eye, when compared to a sophisticated auto focus camera • The heart, and doctors attempts to make an artificial heart to treat patients with heart disease. • Ozone Layer/global warming. • The basis of the argument is that there is evidence of design in the universe around us. Everything appears to have been designed to fulfil some function. • The way that each aspect of the Natural world appears to fulfil its purpose well is further evidence of design. * purpose, design – not happened by chance. “An appeal to chance is really a way of saying that we do not know what caused something to occur”.

8. According to Paley this designer is God. Read, highlight and make notes on William Paley’s version of the design argument. Complete at home …… Give out key word sheets….. Learn for test.

9. According to Paley this designer is God. • Tasks: • Explain, in your own words, how Paley used the design and purpose of a watch to try to prove the existence of God. • Do you agree with Paley? Give reasons for your answer. Think about: Is Paley right to compare a watch to the universe? • Has Paley made it clear what the purpose of the universe is? OR notes pg. 15-17 Tyler

10. Design qua Regularity:the argument that the Universe appears to behave according to some order or rule • Paley goes on to argue that there is further evidence for a Creator God in the regularity of the Universe. • Astronomical discoveries , and Isaac Newton’s Laws of motion, demonstrated a controlled rather than random, principle at work in the Universe. • In particular, Paley considered the motion of the planets in the solar system • The relationship between the planets, and the effect of gravity between them, could not have come about without a designing principle at work. This principle is God.