All About Sentence Parts

1. All About Sentence Parts (and why you care)

2. Take Notes on this: • Define “clause” • Define “phrase” • Define and differentiate 2 types of clauses • Identify and give examples of 2 types of conjunctions • Define and write examples of 3 sentence types

3. Clauses and Phrases both are groups of words A CLAUSE contains BOTH a subject and a verb A PHRASE may contain verb(s) or noun(s) but does not have BOTH subject and verb

4. Clauses and Phrases A CLAUSE contains BOTH a subject and a verb A PHRASE may contain verb(s) or noun(s) but does not have BOTH subject and verb Americans must be on time for everything on time for everything

5. Clause or Phrase? P walking on the shore C They care too much P Loudly called his name C It was P Americans with power P With yellow and red polka dots

6. Clauses Clauses are the essential building blocks of sentences The number of clauses in a sentence determines the sentence pattern AND much of the punctuation of the sentence.

7. Clauses The number of clauses in a sentences determines the sentence pattern AND much of the punctuation of the sentence American must be on time for everything 1 clause = = Simple sentence must be on time for everything Fragment 0 clause = =

8. Types of Clauses dependent independent Can stand alone as a sentence Cannot stand alone as a sentence Ex: Americans love their freedom. Ex: because Americans love their freedom.

9. DependentClauses Subordinate clauses Relative Clauses Start with a subordinating conjunction Start with a relative pronoun Ex: that, which, who EX: because, while, although, as, so that,

10. Dependent or Independent ? independent Americans value material goods dependent that in some countries, tradition is more important than it is in America who consider hard work more valuable than inheritance dependent independent Time matters

11. Conjunctions Connect sentence parts CoordinatingConjunctions Subordinating Conjunctions Although, because, so that, if, since for, and, nor, but, or, yet, so Connect equal parts Connect unequal parts

12. Compare Subordination and Coordination Coordination We care about our country, but we care more about individual rights Subordination Although we care about our country, we care more about individual rights Subordinate clause carries LESS grammatical weight than independent clause Two INDEPENDENT clauses carry equal grammatical weight

13. Sentence types Simple Sentence One independent clause Generally, Americans value work. hard

14. Sentence types Compound Sentence Two (or more) independent clauses Americans value work, and they value its rewards.

15. Sentence types One (or more) independent clause(s) and one (or more) dependent clause(s) Complex Sentence Since Americans value hard work, they also value its rewards.

16. Finding the Subject • The subject of the sentence is in the INDEPENDENT CLAUSE • The subject of the sentence cannot be in a prepositional phrase • A compound sentence will have more than one subject.

17. Finding the Subject S , • Around my house my mother is the Queen. , S , • When it snows we warm up her car and • we scrape all the snow off of it. S

18. Punctuating Using Clauses

19. Punctuating Using Clauses IC +, FB + IC CS = Compound Sentence Good! My mother loves us, and we love her. Good! IC + ; IC CS = Compound Sentence My mother loves us; we love her.

20. Punctuating Using Clauses SC = subordinate clause Complex Sentence CX SC+, + IC GOOD! Although she is young, she is wise. Complex Sentence CX IC + SC GOOD! She is wise although she is young

21. Punctuating Using Clauses

22. Punctuating Using Clauses Words or phrases before the subject that are not PART of the subject are separated from the subject with a comma , S On Labor Day we will not have class. Even though she is working a lot, at 8:00 am she will arrive on time and ready for her class. S ,