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Understanding Enzymes and Their Functions

Learn about enzymes, the proteins that act as catalysts in living organisms, and how they facilitate chemical reactions. Explore the structure of enzymes and their active sites, as well as factors that influence enzyme action. Discover examples of biological enzymes and their specific functions.

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Understanding Enzymes and Their Functions

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  1. 9-16-13 Warm up: Please re-read your “Biomolecules” Cornell Notes and write your summary at the bottom of the page! Should be at least three sentences. Do not touch the toothpicks until you are given instructions

  2. “Toothpickase” Every person should have a handful of toothpicks in front of them • You will break as many as you can in 15 seconds FLAT! • Be sure to count how many you are able to break and document it on your notes once the timer goes off! click here for stopwatch

  3. ENZYMES

  4. ENZYMES AND Chemical Reactions REACTANTS • Chemical reactions must occur continuously in living things! • Examples: • Photosynthesis • Breaking down food • Can occur with the help of macromolecules called ENZYMES. ENZYMES Enzyme names usually end in -ASE PRODUCTS

  5. What are Enzymes? Enzymes belong to the biomolecule group of PROTEINS Spend one minute writing a list of characteristics an enzyme has if it is in the protein category. Turn to your neighbor and discuss your list. Improve the list you have on your notes and be prepared to share!

  6. ENZYMES ARE Proteins… CARBON COMPOUNDS ORGANIC MADE OF AMINO ACID MONOMERS CONTAIN NITROGEN PEPTIDE BONDS

  7. FUNCTION OF Enzymes • Enzymes are proteins that function as CATALYSTS • This means they help to speed up chemical reactions How? They lower the activation energy of reaction so it takes LESS energy for the reaction to take place. • Enzymes are very specific and will only catalyze one specific chemical reaction. This means there are TONS of enzymes at work at all times! • The enzyme wont change after the reaction takes place, it is recycled!

  8. VS.

  9. FUNCTION OF ENZYMES: Spend one minute writing an explanation of the FUNCTION of enzymes. YOU MUST USE THE WORDS CATALYST, ACTIVATION ENERGY, RECYCLABLE Turn to your neighbor and explain to them! Improve the explanation on your notes and be prepared to share! BEEP BEEP

  10. Structure of Enzymes Substrate Enzymes match with a substrate that fits like a puzzle at an active site. ActiveSite LABEL YOURS! Enzyme

  11. Structure of Enzymes • The structure of enzymes and substrates are a “lock and key” model • The molecules that bind to the enzyme are called substrates. • The location where they bind (sit down) is called the active site. • After the enzyme and substrate bind it is called an enzyme-substrate complex. • The substrate may break apart or bond together to form a product. 1 3 2 Ex. DISACCHARIDE TURNS TO MONOSACCHARIDES

  12. STRUCTURE OF ENZYMES: Spend one minute writing an explanation of STRUCTURE of enzymes. YOU MUST USE THE WORDS ENZYME, SUBSTRATE, ACTIVE SITE, “LOCK AND KEY” and ENZYME-SUBSTRATE COMPLEX. Turn to your neighbor and explain to them! Improve the explanation on your notes and be prepared to share!

  13. “Toothpickase” WHAT WAS THE ENZYME? WHAT WAS THE SUBSTRATE? HOW WERE YOU ACTING AS AN ENZYME?

  14. Factors that affect enzyme action • Temperature- the rate of an enzyme increases with temperature. • If the temperature is too high, it can DENATURE (destroy) the shape of an enzyme so that it no longer fits the substrate.

  15. Factors that affect enzyme action • pH- enzymes work efficiently at a specific pH. • Enzymes in blood work best at a pH of 7 (neutral) • Enzymes in stomach work best at a pH of 2 (acid) • Enzymes in intestine work best at a pH of 8 (base)

  16. Factors that affect enzyme action • Chemical messengers called HORMONES can signal a cell to start or stop an enzyme from working. • An INHIBITOR may prevent or slow the enzyme rate by blocking the active site where the substrate sits down!

  17. Factors that affect enzyme action List the factors that affect enzyme action in your notes. • Temperature • pH • Hormones • Inhibitors

  18. “Toothpickase” Add 2 paperclips to your pile of toothpicks. For 15 seconds, break as many toothpicks as you can with your EYES CLOSED! Be sure to count how many you have broken and document it on your notes!

  19. “Toothpickase” WHAT WAS THE ENZYME? WHAT WAS THE SUBSTRATE? WHAT WAS THE INHIBITOR? HOW WAS THE RATE OF ENZYME ACTION AFFECTED?

  20. Examples of biological enzymes • Lipase — breaking down of fats (lipid) • Protease — breaking down of proteins • Cellulase — breaking down of fiber (cellulose) • Amylase — breaking down of starch (amylose) • Lactase — breaking down of dairy products (lactose) • Sucrase — breaking down of sugar (sucrose) • Maltase — breaking down of grains (maltose)

  21. Label: Describe the structure of an enzyme: “TOOTHPICKASE” Enzyme: Substrate: How were you acting as an enzyme? • “TOOTHPICKASE” • How many toothpicks did you break in 15 seconds? _____________ • ENZYMES are PROTEINS • Characteristics of proteins: FACTORS THAT INFLUENCE ENZYME ACTION: “TOOTHPICKASE” How many toothpicks did you break in 15 seconds? _____________ Enzyme: Substrate: Inhibitor: How did the rate of enzyme action change? FUNCTION of ENZYMES EXPLAIN the function of enzymes:

  22. ENZYMES ARE PROTEINS STRUCTURE OF ENZYMES FUNCTION OF ENZYMES INFLUENTIAL FACTORS

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