An Introduction to Satire

1. An Introduction to Satire Another way to persuade…

2. Using humor to persuade… • Beyond arguing, there are other ways to write persuasively. For example… • Satire: a manner of writing that mixes a critical attitude with wit and humor in an effort to improve mankind and human institutions.

3. What is a satire? • A literary work that ridicules its subject through the use of techniques such as exaggeration, reversal, incongruity, and/or parody in order to make a comment or criticism about it.

4. The necessary ingredients… • Humor—Satire is funny! • Criticism, either general criticism of humanity or human nature or specific criticism of an individual or group. • Some kind of moral voice: simply mocking or criticism is not “satire.”

5. When someone creates a satire, it is… • Ironic/Sarcastic • Either good natured criticism (Horatian after Horace) or bitterly cynical denunciation (Juvenalian after Juvenal) • Always opposed to pretense, affectation, and hypocrisy • More than a little bit prone to references to things society finds taboo or disgusting (bodily functions, sexuality, etc.)

6. Examples of Satire in Pop Culture

7. Contemporary Examples • Our society is saturated with satire. • For next time, bring in examples of satire for extra credit. • Must be appropriate for school! • Be sure to think about what the piece is satirizing and be prepared to share next time • . • If you finish the PowerPoint early, you can get started!

8. Satire Vocabulary • Caricature: An exaggerated portrayal of the weaknesses, frailties, or humorous aspects of an individual or group.

9. Caricatures of the presidential candidates by Saturday Night Live cast members in ‘03 year actually changed the way that the candidates performed in public.

10. Satire Vocabulary • Overstatement: exaggeration: making to seem more important than it really is. • Understatement: opposite of exaggeration; a statement that expresses a fact too weakly or less emphatically than it should • ** Zoolander and the “fashion world”** Weird Al’s “Amish Paradise”

11. Satire Vocabulary • Verbal Irony: a writer says one thing and means another • Dramatic Irony: When the reader or audience knows something the character does not.

12. Four Techniques of Satire Exaggeration/ Hyperbole • To enlarge, increase, or represent something beyond normal bounds so that it becomes ridiculous and its faults can be seen.

13. Four Techniques of Satire Incongruity • To present things that are out of place or are absurd in relation to its surroundings.

14. Four Techniques of Satire Reversal • To present the opposite of the normal order (e.g., the order of events, hierarchical order).

15. Four Techniques of Satire Parody • To imitate the techniques and/or style of some person, place, or thing.

16. Example of Satire: “A Modest Proposal” • Written in 1729 by Jonathan Swift. • He believed England was exploiting Ireland. • Many Irishmen worked farms owned by Englishmen who charged high rents–so high that the Irish were frequently unable to pay them. • Consequently, many Irish farming families lived on the edge of starvation.

17. “A Modest Proposal” • In “A Modest Proposal,” Swift satirizes the English landlords with outrageous humor, proposing that Irish infants be sold as food at age one, when they are plump and healthy, to give the Irish a new source of income and the English a new food product to bolster their economy and eliminate a social problem.

18. “A Modest Proposal” excerpts • I have been told by a knowledgeable American that a year-old-infant is a “most delicious nourishing and wholesome food, whether stewed, roasted, baked, or boiled. . . .” Therefore, I suggest that of the 120,000 new infants of poor parents, 20,000 be reserved for breeding and the rest be sold to people of quality.

19. Think about this… • Why is “A Modest Proposal” an effective satire? • Next class, we will be reading “A Modest Proposal.”