ANTE TODO

Jul 28, 2014

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ANTE TODO The present perfect subjunctive ( el pretérito perfecto de subjuntivo ), like the present perfect indicative, is used to talk about what has happened . The present perfect subjunctive is formed using the present subjunctive of the auxiliary verb haber and a past participle.

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present subjunctive
auxiliary verb haber
past participle
perfect subjunctive
irregular
rito perfecto

werner

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ANTE TODO

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ANTE TODO • The present perfect subjunctive (el pretérito perfecto de subjuntivo), like the present perfect indicative, is used to talk about what has happened. • The present perfect subjunctive is formed using the present subjunctive of the auxiliary verb haber and a past participle. • Haber (subjunctive) Past participle Haya, hayas, haya ar- ado hayamos, hayáais, hayan er/ir- ido Irregular: abierto, cubierto, dicho, escrito, hecho, muerto, puesto, resuelto, roto, visto, vuelto

ANTE TODO

ANTE TODO As you learned in Lecciones 1 and 2 , the verb estar is used to talk about how you feel and to say where people, places, and things are located. Estar is also used with adjectives to talk about certain emotional and physical conditions.

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ANTE TODO

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ANTE TODO

ANTE TODO The conditional tense in Spanish expresses what you would do or what would happen under certain circumstances or conditions. The conditional is also commonly used to make polite requests or polite statements. Me gustaría ir contigo. I would like to go with you.

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ANTE TODO

ANTE TODO It is a misunderstanding to think that ¿ Qu é? always translates as What?, and that ¿ Cu á l? and ¿ Cu á les? always translate as Which? ¿Qué? and ¿Cuál? or ¿Cuáles? can all be translated as What? or Which? However, they are not interchangeable. . BASIC RULE: Nouns.

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ANTE TODO

ANTE TODO Spanish and English use comparisons to indicate which of two people or things has a lesser, equal, or greater degree of a quality . Both languages also use superlatives to express the highest or lowest degree of a quality. COMPARISONS

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ANTE TODO In order to talk about events in the past, Spanish uses two simple tenses: the preterite (countable actions/states) and the imperfect (uncountable repeated/habitual actions and on-going actions in progress, as well as description).

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ANTE TODO

ANTE TODO Just as the subjunctive is required with expressions of emotion, influence, and will, it is also used with expressions of doubt, disbelief, and denial. Main clause Subordinate clause Dudan que su hijo les diga la verdad.

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ANTE TODO

ANTE TODO In order to talk about events in the past, Spanish uses two simple tenses: the preterite and the imperfect. The preterite tense is used to express actions or states completed in the past. -ar verbs -er verbs -ir verbs comprar vender escribir SINGULAR FORMS

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ANTE TODO A reflexive verb is used to indicate that the subject does something to or for himself or herself. In other words, it “reflects” the action of the verb back the subject. Reflexive verbs always use reflexive pronouns. SUBJECT REFLEXIVE VERB Joaquín se ducha por la mañana.

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ANTE TODO

ANTE TODO In both Spanish and English, conjunctions are words or phrases that connect other words and clauses in sentences. Certain conjunctions commonly introduce adverbial clauses, which describe how, why, when, and where an action takes place. Main clause Conjunction Subordinate clause

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ANTE TODO You will now learn how to use the subjunctive with verbs and expressions of will and influence. Quiero que tengas dientes más blancos. Verbs of will and influence are often used when someone wants to affect the actions or behavior of other people.

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ANTE TODO Possessive adjectives, like descriptive adjectives, are words that are used to qualify people, places, or things. Possessive adjectives express the quality of ownership or possession. SINGULAR FORMS PLURAL FORMS mi mis my tu tus your (fam.)

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ANTE TODO

ANTE TODO In order to talk about activities, you need to use verbs. Verbs express actions or states of being. In English and Spanish, the infinitive is the base form of the verb. In English, the infinitive is preceded by the word to : to study , to be .

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ANTE TODO

ANTE TODO In Lección 6 , you learned how to form the preterite tense of regular –ar , –er , and –ir verbs. The chart on the next slide contains the preterite forms of ser ( to be ) and ir ( to go ) . Since these forms are irregular, you will need to memorize them. ¡ATENCIÓN!

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ANTE TODO

ANTE TODO In Lección 13 , you learned that the subjunctive is used in adverbial clauses after certain conjunctions. You will now learn how the subjunctive can be used in adjective clauses to express that the existence of someone or something is uncertain or indefinite. ¡ATENCIÓN!

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ANTE TODO In contrast to English, Spanish has two types of possessive adjectives: the unstressed (or short) forms you learned in Lección 3 and the stressed (or long) forms.

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ANTE TODO With the exception of commands, all of the verb forms you have been using have been in the indicative mood. The indicative is used to state facts and to express actions or states that the speaker considers to be real and definite.

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ANTE TODO In Spanish, as in English, the object of a preposition is the noun or pronoun that follows a preposition. Observe the following diagram. PREPOSITION NOUN PREPOSITION PRONOUN     La sopa es para Alicia y para él.

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ANTE TODO

ANTE TODO Indefinite words refer to people and things that are not specific, for example, someone or something . Negative words deny the existence of people and things or contradict statements, for instance, no one or nothing .

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ANTE TODO

ANTE TODO You will now learn how the subjunctive can be used in adjective clauses to express that the existence of someone or something is uncertain or indefinite. El subjuntivo después de los antecedentes indefinidos o negativos (FANTASMAS = GHOSTS). ¡ATENCIÓN!

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ANTE TODO

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ANTE TODO

ANTE TODO In Lección 6 , you learned how to form the preterite tense of regular –ar , –er , and –ir verbs. The chart on the following slide contains the preterite forms of ser ( to be ) and ir ( to go ) . Since these forms are irregular, you will need to memorize them.

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