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ANTE TODO

ANTE TODO

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ANTE TODO

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  1. ANTE TODO • With the exception of commands (imperative mood) all of the verb forms you have been using have been in the indicative mood. The indicative is used to state facts and to express actions or states that the speaker considers to be real and definite. (present, preterit, imperfect, future, conditional) • In contrast, the subjunctive mood expresses the speaker’s attitudes toward events, as well as actions or states the speaker views as uncertain or hypothetical. (SUBJECTIVITY)

  2. General uses of the subjunctive • The subjunctive is mainly used to express: • will and influence • emotion • doubt, disbelief, and denial • indefiniteness and nonexistence

  3. The subjunctive is most often used in sentences that consist of a main clause and a subordinate clause. The main clause contains a verb or expression that triggers the use of the subjunctive. • The word queconnects the subordinate clause to the main clause. • A change of subject in the second clause warrants the use of the conjunction “que.” If there is no change of subject, the infinitive is used. Es muy importante ir al hotel ahora mismo. Main clauseConnectorSubordinate clause Es muy importante quevayasal hotel ahora mismo.

  4. These impersonal expressions are always followed by clauses in the subjunctive because they are expressions of will that trigger the subjunctive when the subject changes. The word “que” means that the second clause will have a different subject. Without “que” we use the infinitive. Es bueno que…It’s good that… Es mejor que…It’s better that… Es malo que…It’s bad that… Es importante que…It’s important that… Es necesario que…It’s necessary that… Es urgente que…It’s urgent that…

  5. Present subjunctive of regular verbs

  6. The present subjunctive is formed very much like usted and ustedes and negative tú commands. From the yo form of the present indicative, drop the -o ending, and replace it with the subjunctive endings. (opposite endings) PRESENTVERB INFINITIVEINDICATIVESTEMSUBJUNCTIVE hablar hablo habl- hable comer como com- coma escribir escribo escrib- escriba

  7. The present subjunctive endings are: –ar verbs –er and –ir verbs –e –emos –a –amos –es –éis –as –áis –e –en –a –an

  8. Verbs with irregular yo forms show the same irregularity in all forms of the present subjunctive. PresentPresent InfinitiveindicativeVerb stemsubjunctive conducir conduzco conduzc- conduzca conocer conozco conozc- conozca decir digo dig- diga hacer hago hag- haga ofrecer ofrezco ofrezc- ofrezca oír oigo oig- oiga

  9. PresentPresent InfinitiveindicativeVerb stemsubjunctive parecer parezco parezc- parezca poner pongo pong- ponga tener tengo teng- tenga traducir traduzco traduzc- traduzca traer traigo traig- traiga venir vengo veng- venga ver veo ve- vea

  10. To maintain the -c, -g, and -z sounds, verbs ending in -car, -gar, and -zar have a spelling change in all forms of the present subjunctive. sacar saque, saques, saque, saquemos, saquéis, saquen jugar juegue, juegues, juegue, juguemos, juguéis, jueguen almorzar almuerce, almuerces, almuerce, almorcemos, almorcéis, almuercen

  11. Present subjunctive of stem-changing verbs • Verbs that end in -ar and -er that are stem-changing verbs have the same stem changes in the subjunctive as they do in the present indicative. (boot) pensar (e:ie) piense, pienses, piense, pensemos, penséis, piensen mostrar (o:ue) muestre, muestres, muestre, mostremos, mostréis, muestren entender (e:ie) entienda, entiendas, entienda, entendamos, entendáis, entiendan volver (o:ue) vuelva, vuelvas, vuelva, volvamos, volváis, vuelvan

  12. –Ir stem-changing verbs have the same stem changes in the subjunctive as they do in the present indicative, but in addition, the nosotros/as and vosotros/as forms undergo a stem change. The unstressed e changes to i, while the unstressed o changes to u. (like the preterit 3rd person stem change) pedir (e:i) pida, pidas, pida, pidamos, pidáis, pidan sentir (e:ie) sienta, sientas, sienta, sintamos, sintáis, sientan dormir (o:ue) duerma, duermas, duerma, durmamos, durmáis, duerman

  13. Irregular verbs in the present subjunctive • The following five verbs are irregular in the present subjunctive.

  14. Irregular verbs in the present subjunctive • The following five verbs are irregular in the present subjunctive.

  15. ¡ATENCIÓN! • The subjunctive form of hay (there is, there are) is also irregular: haya.

  16. ¡INTÉNTALO! Indica el presente de subjuntivo de los siguientes verbos. Es importante… 1. (alquilar, beber, vivir) que yo _______________ alquile beba viva 2. (estudiar, aprender, asistir) que tú _______________ estudies aprendas asistas

  17. 3. (encontrar, poder, dormir) que él ________ encuentre pueda duerma 4. (hacer, tener, venir) que nosotros _____ hagamos tengamos vengamos

  18. 5. (dar, hablar, escribir) que ellos ____ den hablen escriban 6. (pagar, empezar, buscar) que ustedes __ paguen empiecen busquen

  19. 7. (ser, ir, saber) que yo ________ sea vaya sepa 8. (estar, dar, oír) que tú ________ estés des oigas

  20. 9. (arreglar, leer, abrir) que nosotros ____ arreglemos leamos abramos 10. (cantar, leer, vivir) que ellas ______ canten lean vivan

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