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Explore the diverse ways in which species interact within a community, including competition for resources, predator-prey relationships, and symbiotic partnerships. Learn about the principles of competitive exclusion and the different types of symbiosis, such as mutualism, commensalism, and parasitism.
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Community Interactions • Community: Many species interacting in the same environment • Three types of interactions: • Competition • Predation • Symbiosis
Competition • Defined: competing for resources • water, nutrients, light, food • occurs due to a limited number of resources • Competitive exclusion principle: no two species can occupy the same niche in the same habitat at the same time
Predation • Defined: when an organism captures and feeds on another organism. • Predator- hunter • Prey- hunted
Symbiosis • Symbiosis- any relationship where two species live closely together. • Three types • Mutualism • Commensalism • Parasitism
Mutualism • Mutualism: both species benefit from a relationship. • Ex: Lichens (fungus and Algae) • Ex: Clown fish and anemones • Ex: Cleaner birds and crocodiles
Commensalism • Commensalism – One member of a symbiotic relationship benefits and the other is neither helped or harmed • Ex: Cattle and Birds • Birds eat insects stirred up by the cattle • Ex: Barnacles and whales • Barnacles grow on whale
Parasitism • Parasitism- One creature benefits and one creature is harmed • Ex: Tapeworm feeds in a humans intestines absorbing his/her nutrients