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1. What is poetry?

An Introduction to English Poetry. 1. What is poetry?. A literary form. Written in lines. Compressed content. Rich imagery. Beautiful harmony. Great artistic appeal. 2. Kinds of Poetry. In terms of content :. 1) Lyrical Poems （抒情诗）. lyre ( 里拉 ).

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1. What is poetry?

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  1. An Introduction to English Poetry 1. What is poetry? A literary form Written in lines Compressed content Rich imagery Beautiful harmony Great artistic appeal

  2. 2. Kinds of Poetry In terms of content : 1) Lyrical Poems（抒情诗） lyre (里拉) Songs（韵文) odes （颂诗） Elegy（挽诗） 2) Narrative Poems（叙事诗） Epics (史诗) ( heroic poems) ballads（民谣） Homer: Iliad《伊利亚特》; Odyssey《奥德赛》 3) Dramatic Poems（戏剧诗） Danti: Divine Comedy《神曲》 Milton:Paradise Lost《失乐园》 usu. in dialogue; in blank verse

  3. 2. Kinds of Poetry In terms of metre: 1) Metrical Poems（格律诗） Regular Rhyme; Regular Rhythm; Definite Number of Lines 2) Free Verse（自由诗） Irregular Rhyme and Rhythm; Irregular Number of Lines 3) Blank Verse（无韵诗） Without Rhyme ; With Rhythm

  4. 3. Rhythm （节奏） Twinkle, twinkle, little star, How I wonder what you are!

  5. 4. Foot（音步） 1) Iambus（抑扬格） or: Iambic Foot（抑扬音步） The sun is not abed when I At night u pon my pil low lie ( Iambic Tetrametre or 4 - foot Iambus) （四步抑扬格）

  6. 4. Foot（音步） 1) Iambus（抑扬格） 2) Anapaest（抑抑扬格） The stream will not flow, and the hill will not rise, And the co lours have all passed away from her eyes! ( AnapaesticTetrametre or 4 - foot Anapaest) （四步抑抑扬格） or: Anapaestic Foot（抑抑扬音步）

  7. 4. Foot（音步） 1) Iambus（抑扬格） 2) Anapaest（抑抑扬格） 3) Trochee（扬抑格） Or: Trochaic Foot（扬抑音步） Shake your chains to earth like dew , Which in sleep had fallen on you ----- You are many ------ they are few . (Trochaic Tetrametre or 4 - foot Trochee) （四步扬抑格）

  8. 4. Foot（音步） 1) Iambus（抑扬格） 2) Anapaest（抑抑扬格） 3) Trochee（扬抑格） 4) Dactyl（扬抑抑格） a) Take her up tenderly , Lift her with care; b) This is a galloping measure a hop and a trot and a gallop ( Dactylic Hexametre or 6 - foot Dactyl ) （六步扬抑抑格） or: Dactylic Foot（扬抑抑音步） ( Dactylic Bi-metre ) （两步抑抑格）

  9. 4. Foot（音步） 1) Iambus（抑扬格） 2) Anapaest（抑抑扬格） 3) Trochee（扬抑格） 4) Dactyl（扬抑抑格） For the dear God who loveth us 5) Amphibrach（抑扬抑格） 6) Spondee（扬扬格） 7) Pyrric（抑抑格） （抑抑格） （扬扬格） （抑扬抑格）

  10. 5. Metre（格） Mono-metre Bi-metre Tri-metre Tetrametre Pentametre Hexametre Heptametre Octametre

  11. 6. Sound Patterns Alliteration （头韵） C V C C V C C V C C V C take time Assonance （准韵） C V C C V C C V C C V C take late Consonance （谐韵） C V C C V C C V C C V C take like C V C C V C take took C V CC V C Para-rhyme （侧韵） Reverse-rhyme （逆韵） C V C C V C C V C C V C take tale C V C C V C C V C C V C Full rhyme （完全韵） take lake

  12. 7. Alliteration: phantomfathom ;psychologysimple a) To give emphasis: might andmain; fitas afiddle b) To connect ideas: Pleasepickup theprettypinkpills forpalepeople. c) To connect actions: The fighterfled into thefield,and,foremost fighting ,fell.

  13. 8. Rhyme: Homefoam ;chair there a) Internal rhyme: I am the daughter of the Earth and Water. (Shelley) We plough andsow---we’re so very, verylow. (Ernest Jones) Ah, distinctly Irememberit as in the bleakDecember. ( Poe )

  14. b) Masculine Rhyme（阳韵）: If all be true that I dothink. There are five reasons we shoulddrink : c) Feminine Rhyme（阴韵）: (1) What is fame? An emptybubble. Gold? A transient, shiningtrouble. (2) Rise like lions afterslumber, In unvanguishablenumber. (3) Oh! ye immortal Gods! what istheogony? Oh! thou, too, mortal man! what isphilanthropy?

  15. d) Monosyllabic Rhyme（单音节韵）: I/fly;fool/rule; write/ fight ; again/ remain/sustain e) Bi-syllabic Rhyme（双音节韵） : borrow/sorrow;daughter/water;conversation /compensation Roman/ no man; knowit/ show it f) Tri-syllabic Rhyme（三音节韵） : beautiful / dutiful;think of it / drink of it e) Eye rhyme（眼韵）: Hourtour ; nowknow;dearbear ; savehave

  16. 9. Rhyme Scheme: 1) aabb（连续韵）: Work while you work, and play while you play, a For that is the way to be happy and gay. a All that you do, do with your might, b Things done by halves are never done right. b

  17. 2) abab（交叉韵）: How do you like to go up in a swing. a Up in the air so blue? b Oh, I do think it the pleasantest thinga Ever a child can do! b

  18. 3) abba（首尾韵）: I hold it true , whate’er befall ; a I feel itwhen I sorrow most ; b ’Tis better to have loved and lostb Than never to have loved at all. a

  19. 4) abcb（二四韵）: Spring is green, a Summer is bright, b Autumn is gold , c Winter is white.b 10. Stanza: A stanza is a group of lines ( of any number of lines, most frequently of four lines ) boud together by an end rhyme.

  20. 11. Sonnet: 1) Italian Sonnet（意大利体十四行诗） 2) Spenserian Sonnet（斯宾塞体十四行诗） 3) Shakespearian Sonnet（莎士比亚体十四行诗）

  21. 1) Italian Sonnet Francesco Petrach an octave + a sestet The poetry of earth is neverdead : a When all the birds are faint with the hotsun, b And hide in cooling trees, a voice willrunb From hedge to hedge about the new-mownmead; a That is the Grasshopper’s --- he takes thelead a In summer luxury, --- he has neverdone b With his delights; for when tired out withfun b He rests at ease beneath some pleasantweed.a The poety of earth is ceasingnever : c On a lone winter evening, when thefrost d Has wrought a silence, from the stove thereshrills e The Cricket’s song, in warmth increasingever,c And seems to one in drowsiness halflost, d The Grasshopper’s among some grassy hills.e

  22. 2) Spenserian Sonnet 3 quatrains + a couplet Edmund Spenser Ye tradefull merchants, that with weary toylea Do seeke nost pretious things to make your gain, b And both the Indians of their treasures spoile, a For loe my love doth in her selfe containeb For loe my love doth in her selfe containeb All this world’s riches that may farre be found. c If saphyres, loe her eyes be saphyres plaine: b If rubies, loe her lips be rubies sound; c If pearls, her teeth be pearls both pure and round; c If yvorie, her forehead yvory weene; d If gold, her locks are finest gold on ground; c If silver, her fair hands are silver sheene. d But that which fairest is, but few behold: e Her mind, adorned with vertues manifold. e

  23. 3) Shakespearian Sonnet Shakespear 3 quatrains + a couplet Shall I compare thee to a summer’sday?a Thou art more lovely and moretemperate.b Rough winds do shake the darling buds ofmay,a And summer’s lease hath all too short adate. b Sometime too hot the eye of heavenshines,c And often is his gold complexiondimm’d;d And every fair from fair sometimedeclines ,c By chance, or nature’s changing course,untrimm’d.d But thy eternal summer shall notfade,e Nor lose possession of that fair thouow’st, f Nor shall Death brag thou wander’st in hisshade,e When in eternal lines to time thougrow’st.f So long as man can breathe or eyes cansee,g So long lives this, and this gives life tothee.g

  24. Metre: Shall I compare thee to a sum mer’s day a Thou art more love ly and more tem perate.b Rough winds do shake the dar ling buds of may, a And sum mer’s lease hath all too short a date. b Iambic Pentametre ( 5 - foot Iambus) （ 五 步 抑 扬 格）

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