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ANCIENT GREECE

ANCIENT GREECE. With a neighbor, explain how the geography affected the development of Ancient Greece. The Geography of Greece. The Mountains ¾ of the land Little farmland (few streams) supported a small population) Divided into city-states (polis) Never united into one country

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ANCIENT GREECE

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  1. ANCIENT GREECE

  2. With a neighbor, explain how the geography affected the development of Ancient Greece.

  3. The Geography of Greece • The Mountains • ¾ of the land • Little farmland (few streams) supported a small population) • Divided into city-states (polis) • Never united into one country • The Sea • Great sailors • Traded for things they didn’t have

  4. Geography Troy Aegean Sea Athens Ionian Sea Sparta Crete Mediterranean Sea

  5. What was the origin and structure of the Greek polis? • Polis: city-state • By 750 BC- fundamental political unit in ancient Greece • Made up of a city and its surrounding countryside- including numerous villages • Athens, Sparta, Ithaca • Where did they meet to discuss issues? • Acropolis: the highest and most fortified place in the city • Slide 21

  6. What was the origin and structure of the Greek polis? • Why did these develop? • They began to identify with the local area in which they lived • Different types: • Monarchy- rule by king • Aristocracy – rule by rich people • Oligarchy – rule by a small group of people • Tyrant – a dictator

  7. Review: What was the polis? What was the acropolis?

  8. Why do people need religion?How did the Greeks use religion for that purpose?

  9. Describe polytheism in the Greek world • POLYTHEISTIC • Greeks developed a rich set of myths (stories) about their gods • Gave gods human qualities: • Love, hate, jealousy • Lived forever • Mount Olympus- where the gods lived • Gods were worshiped in temples • Use of oracles as mediums

  10. Hera Zeus Athena Hercules

  11. Archaic Greece: 1650 BCE - 700 BCE

  12. Bronze Age Greece

  13. Crete: Minoan Civilization(Palace at Knossos)

  14. Knossos: Minoan Civilization

  15. Minoan Civilization

  16. The Mycenaean Civilization

  17. Homer: The “Heroic Age”

  18. The Mask of Agamemnon

  19. "Hellenic" (Classical) Greece: 700 BCE - 324 BCE

  20. ATHENS: Yesterday & Today Back to the polis…

  21. Piraeus: Athens’ Port City

  22. What political contribution did the Greeks give to Western cultures and societies?

  23. Early Athenian Lawgivers • Draco • Promoted the idea that all people are equal under the law • Promoted the use of capital punishment • Solon • Changes to the government • Gave citizens a greater voice • Cleisthenes • created the first democracy!

  24. Persian Wars: 499 BCE – 480 BCE

  25. Persian Wars: Famous Battles • Marathon (490 BCE) • 26 miles from Athens • Thermopylae (480 BCE) • 300 Spartans at the Mountain pass • Salamis (480 BCE) • Athenian navy victorious

  26. Outcome of the Persian Wars • Delian League: collaboration of Greek city-states to fight the Persians • After the Persians were defeated, Athens became the strongest city-state and as a result, entered into…

  27. Ch.5.3 Greece’s Golden Age “Age of Pericles”460 BCE – 429 BCE

  28. Pericles- wise and able statesman who had 3 goals: 1. Strengthen Athenian Democracy 2. Hold & Strengthen the empire 3. Glorify Athens • Strengthen Democracy • Increased number of public officials who were paid- poor could serve • Introduces Direct Democracy • Athenian Empire • Formed Delian League- used $ from treasury to make Navy strongest in Mediterranean • Glorify Athens • Used treasury money to beautify Athens.

  29. Philosophy • Philo = love • Soph = wisdom

  30. Great Athenian Philosophers • Socrates • Know thyself! • question everything  “Socratic method” • Absolute standards did exist for truth and justice • Died by poison • Plato • Student of Socrates • The Academy • The Republic philosopher-king (person with greatest insight)

  31. Great Athenian Philosophers • Aristotle • Student of Plato • The Lyceum school • Questioned the nature of the world and of human thought • Provides the basis of the Scientific Method. • Alexander the Great was his student

  32. What were characteristics of Classical Greece culture?

  33. Athens: The Arts & Sciences • DRAMA (tragedians): • Tragedies • Comedies • THE SCIENCES: • PythagorasPythagorean Theorem! • A2 + B2 = C2 • Democritusall mattermade up of small atoms • Hippocrates  “Father of Medicine”

  34. The Classical Greek “Ideal” Classical Greek art was focused on idealism and beauty.

  35. Phidias’ Acropolis The acropolis was the fortified hilltop area of the city-state.

  36. the acropolis of athens

  37. The Acropolis Today Back to the polis!

  38. The Parthenon The Parthenon was a temple built to the Athenian patron goddess, Athena.

  39. The Agora Housed in the acropolis was the agora, or the marketplace, where men frequented to buy/sell or discuss politics.

  40. Olympia This was the site of the Olympic games that the Greeks attended every year. Though they fought each other, they would cease war just for the Olympic games.

  41. The Ancient Olympics:Athletes & Trainers

  42. Olympia: Temple to Hera

  43. Athens’ strength became their weakness, and other Greek city-states grew tired of their power…

  44. Peloponnesian Wars Athens vs. Sparta Sparta grows tired of Athenian domination of the Delian League

  45. SPARTA

  46. Peloponnesian War Ends Golden Age • Athens had stronger navy while Sparta had stronger army • Sparta burned Athens • Pericles responded by bringing residents into city walls • However, the plague struck and Pericles died • War continues for year but eventually leads to a truce • Sparta wins the war, but all of Greece is weakened as a result, leaving the door open for…

  47. CONQUEST!!!

  48. Macedonia Under Philip II PHILIP II CONQUERS GREECE. Philip II hated the Greeks because they looked down on the Macedonians, seeing them as uncivilized foreigners (even though many Macedonians saw themselves as Greek)

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