What is it? Why is it Important?

1. What is it? Why is it Important? ToyotomiHideyoshi Tokugawa Shogunate Jamestown French and Indian War Atlantic slave trade Triangular trade Columbian Exchange Absolute monarch Constitutional Monarchy Social Contract Declaration of Independence 1.Renaissance 2. Vernacular 3. Reformation 4. Council of Trent 5. Suleymanthe Lawgiver Dutch East India Company

2. Renaissance • a time where art and religion flourished in Europe • A time of religious reformation • Lasted from 1300 to 1600 • Focused on the study of humanism • Rebirth of revival of art and learning • Started in Italy because Italy had 3 advantages • Thriving cities • Wealthy merchants • Classical heritage • Protestants broke away from the Catholic Church and reformed.

3. Vernacular • Vernacular let the authors of this time to right in their own language, which let more people have access to the Bible and other written pieces • Dante was one of the first to write in Vernacular • Helped to spread literacy • Famous writer Dante was one of the first to write one of his epic poems in his vernacular (Italian) in stead of Latin. • Vernacular is influenced by a great range of different aspects of human behavior

4. Reformation • Because more people could read the Bible, people started to develop their own opinions about the Church; which caused the reformation • Martin Luther's thesis • The Protestant Reformation was a 16th-century split with western Christianity initiated by Martin Luther, John Calvin, etc.

5. Council of Trent • Bishops and cardinals agreed on 4 things: • Church's interpretation of the Bible was final • Faith and good works are needed for salvation • Bible and Church’s traditions are equally powerful authorities • Indulgences were expression of faith • The Council of Trent played an important part in determining the outcome of the Catholic Reformation.

6. Suleyman the Lawgiver • He gave laws • Leader of ottoman empire, strong leader but put weak people into power • Tolerant of other religious groups • Into the arts and literature, evident in mosques and schools he set up • Because of and organized system he was able to set up taxes and allow the empire to grow

7. ToyotomiHideyoshi • Was in power before Tokugawa • He was harsh and killed his nephew due to lack of ability to produce a male heir. • He died..R.I.P • He was a general, that had plans to concert china. • He unified Japan • Missionaries where excepted and allowed trade with them

8. Tokugawa Shogunate • Ruled after Hideyoshi, also his greatest allies • Was sold as a child, like slavery but was allowed to become educated • he had a structured society, and completed Hideyoshi’s mission to look after his son

9. Jamestown • First English settlement • It was terrible the first year, to focused on gold that they forgot to get food and necessary stuff • Crops: Tobacomain • 7 out of 10 people died • Assumed the whole area was warm, so they weren't prepared for the land • Long term affect: most successful after 1st year • Joint stock company

10. French and Indian War • War between French and Britain • Why?- territory of Ohio River valley • France wanted to get resources, while Britain wanted to colonize the land • French lost, Britain gained eastern half of North America • Seven year war

11. Atlantic slave trade • The trading of slaves • Traded slaves and other goods • Between Africa, Europe, and Americas • Known as the “triangular trade” • Traded alcohol for slaves, slaves for spices and tobacco • Affects: torn apart families, but slaves influenced Americas with there art and religion • Twelve million slaves were shipped across Atlantic coast

12. Triangular trade • Look at the slide before this one.. • Deals with Europe, Africa and Americas

13. Columbian Exchange • Named after Christopher Columbus • Opened up the gold trade • Good: trade food, animals, corn, potatoes • Bad: brought over disease • Traded horses and cattle • Traded between new world and the old world

14. Absolute monarch • Monarch holds all power (king or queen) • Louis XIV, got rid of all the nobles power which made it impossible to advance without his approval. He used middle class for his government instead of noble • Peter the great • Charles V

15. Constitutional Monarchy • Parliament had some control over law • Governing body that creates the laws, tend to have more power than the monarch • Came after overthrow of King James

16. Social Contract • Agreement in which people create the government • Post civil war contract • Due to improper ruling, people began to question government • Government has a responsibility for the people, they will rule for the benefit of the people rather than themselves. • Government should support the people

17. Declaration ofIndependence • Document written by congress made to reflect John Locks( English constitution writer) document • Made after America broke free from Britain • Written by Thomas Jefferson • Three basic things: Life, Liberty, and Pursuit of Happiness • Included a long list of king george’s abuse

18. Dutch East India Company • Established after the idea of capitalism (people could make money) and mechanism (people could make/sell goods) • Similar to buying stocks and investment • Located in Asia • Advance colonization in an idea of seeking the riches in the world