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Options for Managing Striped Cucumber Beetle and Bacterial Wilt on Organic Farms

Options for Managing Striped Cucumber Beetle and Bacterial Wilt on Organic Farms. Abby Seaman, NYS IPM Program With information from Ruth Hazzard, Meg McGrath, and Mike Hoffmann. Bloodnick Farm. Blue Heron Farm. Blue Heron Farm. Porter Farm. Slack Hollow Farm. Squash Pests. Organic.

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Options for Managing Striped Cucumber Beetle and Bacterial Wilt on Organic Farms

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  1. Options for Managing Striped Cucumber Beetle and Bacterial Wilt on Organic Farms Abby Seaman, NYS IPM Program With information from Ruth Hazzard, Meg McGrath, and Mike Hoffmann

  2. Bloodnick Farm

  3. Blue Heron Farm Blue Heron Farm

  4. Porter Farm

  5. Slack Hollow Farm

  6. Squash Pests Organic Conv. Sig.

  7. Striped Cucumber Beetle Parasitism

  8. Courtesy Michael Hoffmann, Cornell University

  9. Striped cucumber beetle life cycle Adults migrate to fields Overwinters as adult in field borders Eggs laid at base of plants - larvae feed on roots Summer adults emerge in early August

  10. Courtesy Michael Hoffmann, Cornell University

  11. Management Options • Transplanting • Trap Cropping • Row Covers • Chemical

  12. Attractiveness to beetles varies with crop type and variety Susceptibility to wilt varies with crop type and variety Plants past the five-leaf stage are less susceptible to bacterial wilt

  13. Induced Resistance • Zhender et al. have found reduced SCB feeding and wilt incidence on plants treated with PGPR • BioYield and other approved products may be able to cause induced resistance • Do microbially active soils elicit an induced resistance response?

  14. Transplanting Reduces direct plant loss from beetle feeding Reduces time plants are in susceptible stage

  15. Cost of Transplants vs Direct Seed(winter squash or pumpkins at 2x6 spacing) • Direct seeded $260/A • Transplanted $1630/A* *@ $0.45/plant to produce and establish

  16. http://www.nysaes.cornell.edu/recommends/

  17. Cucumber Beetle Density, Feeding Injury, and Bacterial Wilt Incidence for Pumpkin, 1999 89 a 7 4 22 b 9 4 13 b 4 8 3 b 2 8

  18. Cucumber Beetle Density, Feeding Injury, and Bacterial Wilt Incidence for Pumpkin, 2000 97 a 6 2 98 a 5 3 58 b 6 3 53 b 6 3 on 3 July (%)

  19. Cucurbit Crop Types and Cultivars • Cucumber (Cucumis sativus) • Calypso, Dasher II, County Fair (wilt resistant) • Muskmelon (Cucumis melo) • Eclipse, Saticoy, Athena • Watermelon (Citrullus lanatus) • Crimson Sweet • Gourd (Cucurbita maxima and C. pepo) • Turk's Turban, Pear Bicolored • Pumpkin (Cucurbita pepo) • Magic Lantern, Merlin, Howden, Harvest Moon • Squash, Summer (Cucurbita pepo) • Multipik, Goldbar, Sunray • Squash, Winter (Cucurbita pepo and C. moschata) • Golden Delicious, Blue Hubbard, Burgess Buttercup, Waltham Butternut, Table Ace • Squash, Zucchini (Cucurbita pepo) • Seneca, Ambassador

  20. Number Cucumber Beetles/10 Plants, 1999 9 bc Winter squash Pumpkin Gourd Watermelon Muskmelon Cucumber Zucchini squash Yellow squash 6 cd 20 a 6 cde 4 de 2 e 12 b 5 de

  21. Incidence of Bacterial Wilt on 3 Aug 1999 14 c Winter squash Pumpkin Gourd Watermelon Muskmelon Cucumber Zucchini squash Yellow squash 12 c 48 b 0 c 7 c 68 a 13 c 33 b

  22. Number Cucumber Beetles/10 Plants, 2000 Winter squash Pumpkin Gourd Watermelon Muskmelon Cucumber Zucchini squash Yellow squash 29 b 26 bc 21 cd 10 e 20 d 15 de 39 a 20 d

  23. Incidence of Bacterial Wilt on 2 Aug 2000 11 d Winter squash Pumpkin Gourd Watermelon Muskmelon Cucumber Zucchini squash Yellow squash 40 bc 50 b 6 d 12 d 97 a 32 c 38 bc

  24. Trap Cropping • Choose attractive, wilt tolerant variety for trap crop • Surround entire planting, two rows are better than one • Arrange main crop such that attractive or susceptible varieties are surrounded by less attractive/susceptible • Reduce attractiveness of main crop • Surround, BioYield

  25. Trap Cropping • Reducing second generation beetle production in trap crop • Disc up? • Apply nematodes to roots? • Steinernema riobravis (Ellers-Kirk et al., PA) • Heterorhabditis bacteriophora strain GPS-11 (Miller and Welty, OH) • Nothing?

  26. Costs for Trap Cropping To produce and establish transplants • One row - $185 for a square 1A field • Two rows - $370 Plus any cost of managing beetles on trap crop

  27. Row Cover Must be removed at flowering Provides excellent control plus growth enhancement But: Interferes with cultivation Cost: ~ $415/A hoop system ~ $435/A entire field system

  28. Insecticide Options Per application - cost of materials only Pyganic 5.0 @4.5-18 oz/A - $23.75-95.00/A Reliable kill or just knockdown? Surround @ 6.25-25 lb./A - $6.25-25.00/A Greatly reduced if transplants treated in flats

  29. Surround-treated transplants

  30. Scouting and Thresholds? Twice weekly scouting during invasion season, keep an eye on maturing fruit later Depends on crop susceptibility to wilt and reliability of control (0.5-2 beetles/plant) Current approved insecticides do not provide reliable control Relying on insecticides alone will not work for organic farmers Integrate a variety of approaches.

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