The Global War on Terrorism 2001 – Present Day

1. The Global War on Terrorism2001 – Present Day

2. THE WAR ON TERROR DO NOW! WHAT IS TERRORISM? WORK WITH A PARTNER AND WRITE A DEFINITION OF TERRORISM & MAKE A LIST OF REASONS WHY TERRORISM IS USED.

3. TERRORISM… • DEFINITION: • THE USE OF VIOLENCE OR THE THREAT OF VIOLENCE TO ACHIEVE A POLITICAL GOAL • TERRORISM IS NOT A UNIQUELY MIDDLE EASTERN OR ISLAMIC PHENOMENON. • IT IS NOT A NEW CREATION.

4. GOALS OF TERRORISM • CHANGE OR OVERTHROW A GOVERNMENT • GAIN INDEPENDENCE • SEEK JUSTICE FOR A WRONGED GROUP • OBTAIN CONCESSIONS FROM A GOVERNMENT • GET NATIONAL OR INTERNATIONAL ATTENTION

5. TERRORISM AGAINST THE US BEFORE 9/11 • TERRORIST ORGANIZATIONS CARRIED OUT ATTACKS ON THE U.S. AND ITS ALLIES THROUGHOUT THE LATTER PART OF THE 20TH CENTURY • THERE WERE OCCASIONAL MILITARY RESPONSES BY U.S.: • 1986 – PRES. REAGAN ORDERED AIR STRIKES AGAINST LIBYA BECAUSE OF ITS INVOLVEMENT IN A BERLIN DISCO BOMBING THAT KILLED 2 AMERICANS

6. BOMBING OF AMERICAN EMBASSIES • 1998 EMBASSY BOMBINGS IN KENYA AND TANZANIA • PRESIDENT CLINTON LAUNCHED A BOMBING CAMPAIGN IN SUDAN AND AFGHANISTAN AGAINST TARGETS ASSOCIATED WITH AL-QAEDA

7. ATTACK ON U.S.S. COLE • IN OCTOBER OF 2000 THE USS COLE WAS ATTACKED WHILE DOCKED IN YEMEN

8. AND THEN . . . 9-11, 2001

9. SEPTEMBER 11, 2001 TIMELINE: • 7:58 AM: U.A. FLIGHT 175 DEPARTS BOSTON FOR LA. WITH 56 PASSENGERS & 9 CREW MEMBERS. IT IS HIJACKED AFTER TAKE OFF & DIVERTED TO N.Y. • 7:59 AM: A.A. FLIGHT 11 DEPARTS BOSTON FOR L.A., WITH 81 PASSENGERS & 11 CREW. IT IS ALSO HIJACKED & DIVERTED TO N.Y.

11. OPERATION ACTIVE ENDEAVOUR-EUROPE • NATO OPERATION FOLLOWING 9/11: • FOCUSED ON THE MEDITERRANEAN SEA • DESIGNED TO DISRUPT THE MOVEMENT OF WEAPONS OF MASS DESTRUCTION • GENERAL ENHANCEMENT OF SHIPPING SAFETY

12. AFGHANISTAN • MAY OF 1996: • OSAMA BIN LADEN HAD BEEN LIVING IN AFGHANISTAN ALONG WITH OTHER MEMBERS OF AL-QAEDA: • INTERNATIONAL ALLIANCE OF ISLAMIC TERRORIST ORGANIZATIONS FOUNDED IN 1988 & LED BY OSAMA BIN LADEN • OPERATED TERRORIST TRAINING CAMPS IN A LOOSE ALLIANCE WITH THE TALIBAN: • ISLAMIST NATIONALIST MOVEMENT THAT RULED MOST OF AFGHANISTAN FROM 1996 UNTIL 2001 • FOLLOWING THE 1998 U.S. EMBASSY BOMBINGS IN AFRICA, THE US MILITARY LAUNCHED SUBMARINE-BASED CRUISE MISSILES AT THESE CAMPS WITH LIMITED EFFECT

13. THE UN SECURITY COUNCIL IN 1999 AND 2000 PLACED SANCTIONS ON THE TALIBAN & ENCOURAGED THEM TO TURN OVER BIN LADEN FOR TRIAL IN THE EMBASSY BOMBINGS

14. AFGHANISTAN BEFORE THE TALIBAN • SOVIET INVASION IN 1979 • MUJAHIDEEN (ISLAMIC WARRIORS) FOUGHT AGAINST THE SOVIETS WITH U.S. SUPPORT • FOLLOWING SOVIET WITHDRAWAL: • AMERICA LOST INTEREST IN AFGHANISTAN: • DID NOT INFLUENCE NEW AFGHANI GOVERNMENT • BITTER CIVIL WAR • TALIBAN EMERGES AS A RELIGIOUS AND POLITICAL FORCE • TOOK CONTROL OF AFGHANISTANBY 2000

15. TALIBAN

16. TALIBAN RULE • RESTRICTIONS ON FREEDOM AND VIOLATIONS OF HUMAN RIGHTS • WOMEN WERE BANNED FROM JOBS, SCHOOLS AND UNIVERSITIES AND FORCED TO WEAR BURKAS IN PUBLIC • THIEVES WERE PUNISHED BY AMPUTATING ONE OF THEIR HANDS OR FEET • ERADICATED THE MAJORITY OF THE OPIUM PRODUCTION BY 2001

19. THE TALIBAN AND 9/11 • THE BUSH ADMINISTRATION: • OSAMA BIN LADEN PLANNED 9/11-CARRIED OUT BY AL-QAEDA • TALIBAN MUST GIVE UP BIN LADEN AND OTHER AL-QAEDA OPERATIVES OR FACE INVASION • TALIBAN REFUSES TO NEGOTIATE WITH BUSH, BECAUSE HE’S A NON-MUSLIM • SEPTEMBER 20TH, 2001: • BUSH DECLARES “WAR ON TERRORISM” • LIKENS THIS NEW WAR TO THE COLD WAR

20. “TODAY'S WAR ON TERROR IS LIKE THE COLD WAR. IT IS AN IDEOLOGICAL STRUGGLE WITH AN ENEMY THAT DESPISES FREEDOM AND PURSUES TOTALITARIAN AIMS....I VOWED THEN THAT I WOULD USE ALL ASSETS OF OUR POWER OF SHOCK AND AWE TO WIN THE WAR ON TERROR. AND SO I SAID WE WERE GOING TO STAY ON THE OFFENSE TWO WAYS: ONE, HUNT DOWN THE ENEMY AND BRING THEM TO JUSTICE, AND TAKE THREATS SERIOUSLY; AND TWO, SPREAD FREEDOM."

21. OPERATION ENDURING FREEDOM: 2001-PRESENT • BRITISH AND AMERICAN AIRSTRIKES BEGAN ON OCTOBER 7, 2001 • MILITIAMEN FROM PAKISTAN POURED INTO AFGHANISTAN IN SUPPORT OF THE TALIBAN • AMERICAN SPECIAL FORCES REINFORCED THE NORTHERN ALLIANCE, A TRADITIONAL ENEMY OF THE TALIBAN • ON NOVEMBER 12TH, THE TALIBAN FLED KABUL AND TOOK REFUGE IN THE MOUNTAIN CAVES OF TORA BORA WITH AL-QAEDA FIGHTERS • IT IS BELIEVED BIN LADEN WAS ABLE TO ESCAPE TO PAKISTAN DURING THE BATTLE FOR TORA BORA

25. TALIBAN PRISONERS

26. AFTER TORA BORA • AFTER THE BATTLE FOR TORA BORA, THE US AND AFGHANI ALLIES SET UP AN INTERIM GOVERNMENT LED BYHAMID KARZAI • THIS GOVERNMENT HAS DEMONSTRATED HIGH LEVELS OF CORRUPTION • AL-QAEDA AND TALIBAN FIGHTERS SOUGHT REFUGE IN THE TRIBAL REGION OF PAKISTAN • GUERILLA ATTACKS IN SOUTH AND EASTERN AFGHANISTAN INCREASED FROM ACROSS THE PAKISTANI BORDER

27. AFGHANISTAN TODAY • CURRENTLY, THE UN LISTS AFGHANISTAN AS AT RISK FOR BECOMING A “FAILED-STATE”: • SUICIDE BOMBINGS, ATTACKS ON CIVILIANS, AND THE CONTINUED PRESENCE OF AL-QAEDA AND THE TALIBAN PREVENT THE NEW AFGHANI DEMOCRACY FROM ACHIEVING LASTING STABILITY • OVER THE PAST TWO YEARS THE U.S. HAS BEEN FORCED TO INCREASE ITS MILITARY FORCES IN AFGHANISTAN DUE TO THE RESURGANCE OF THE TALIBAN

28. BUSH & KARZAI

29. WANTED: TALIBAN LEADER MULLAH OMAR ($10 MILLION REWARD!)

30. WANTED! ($25 MILLION REWARD!) • OSAMA BIN LADEN HAS YET TO BE FOUND: • BELIEVED TO BE HIDING ACROSS THE BORDER IN PAKISTAN • HAS MADE OCCASIONAL BROADCASTS AND WARNINGS

31. HARD MEN TO FIND

32. WHERE’S OSAMA?

33. DIFFICULT TERRAIN

35. THE END FOR BIN LADEN • THE FORMER HEAD OF AL-QAEDA WAS KILLED IN PAKISTAN ON MAY 2, 2011, BY NAVY SEALS. THE OPERATION, CODE-NAMED OPERATION NEPTUNE SPEAR, WAS ORDERED BY UNITED STATES PRESIDENT BARACK OBAMA.

36. DEFENDING THE AMERICAN HOME FRONT • DEPARTMENT OF HOMELAND SECURITY CREATED • USA PATRIOT ACT: • ALLOWS U.S. LAW ENFORCEMENT AGENCIES TO: • FIGHT TERRORISM IN THE U.S. & OVERSEAS • SEARCH TELEPHONE, E-MAIL, MEDICAL & FINANCIAL RECORDS • DETAIN AND DEPORT IMMIGRANTS SUSPECTED OF TERRORISM • REGULATE FINANCIAL TRANSACTIONS INVOLVING FOREIGN INDIVIDUALS • CRITICS SAY THE PATRIOT ACT VIOLATES AMERICANS’FIRST AND FOURTH AMENDMENT RIGHTS

37. DETAINEES AT GUANTANAMO BAY, CUBA: • DETENTION CAMP: • 750 PRISONERS-MOST HAVE NOT BEEN CHARGED WITH ANY CRIME (DUE PROCESS?) • ALLEGATIONS OF HUMILIATION, TORTURE AND GENERAL MISTREATMENT • HAS BECOME A POLITICALLY DIVISIVE ISSUE

41. WATERBOARDING

43. PRESIDENT OBAMA HAD ANNOUNCED PLANS TO CLOSE THE DENTENTION CENTER AT GUANTANAMO, BUT IT REMAINS OPEN AND UNLIKELY TO CLOSE ANYTIME SOON.

44. OTHER FRONTS OF THE WAR ON TERROR

47. OPERATION IRAQI FREEDOM • IRAQ: • PRESIDENT BUSH SAID IT WAS NECESSARY TO DISARM IRAQ IN ORDER TO “PROSECUTE THE WAR ON TERROR”: • SUSPECTED IRAQ OF PRODUCING WMDS: • WEAPONS OF MASS DESTRUCTION • NONE FOUND • CLAIMED IRAQ SUPPORTED AL-QAEDA & PALESTINIAN SUICIDE BOMBERS • IRAQI HUMAN RIGHTS ABUSES • SPREAD DEMOCRACY TO IRAQ • INSURGENCY FOLLOWING THE INVASION IN 2003 • IRAQ BECAME A BREEDING-GROUND FOR TERRORIST GROUPS

48. SADDAM HUSSEIN WAS OVERTHROWN & EVENTUALLY EXECUTED

49. INSURGENCY IN SAUDI ARABIA • SAUDI ARABIA: • 2000 TO PRESENT • RADICAL FIGHTERS ALLIED WITH AL-QAEDA • ATTACKS ON SAUDI MILITARY, FOREIGN WORKERS AND WESTERN TOURISTS • RESENT AMERICAN MILITARY PRESENCE IN THE MUSLIM HOLY LAND