CMarZ activities in SW Indian Ocean Hans M Verheye – MCM, DEAT

1. CMarZ activities in SW Indian Ocean Hans M Verheye – MCM, DEAT CMarZ SG Meeting, ORI Tokyo, 6-8 Nov. 2006

2. Annual Pel. Spawner Biomass Surveys (November) Annual Pel. Recruit Biomass Surveys (May/June) Funded cooperating project A.12. “Environmental Monitoring and Pelagic Fish Stock Assessment Surveys in South Africa” Zooplankton collections along ± entire SA coast during 2 annual pelagic fish stock assessment surveys since 1984 Vertical Bongo, 200μm, 0-200m Usu. formalin preservation; occasionally also EtOH (CMarZ) Routine taxonomic analysis is currently maintained, but… taxonomic resolution of Benguela Current zooplankton community not adequate, i.e. too coarse + must provide for replacement of ageing/vanishing ‘parataxonomists’ Benguela Current LME

3. Need for improvement of • taxonomic resolution of • Benguela Current • zooplankton community • (west coast, SE Atlantic) • ► ‘Regional Zooplankton • Taxonomy and Species • Identification Training • Course’ • Swakopmund, Namibia • January 8-19, 2007 • Dr Janet Grieve, NZ • - 5 Angolans • - 5 Namibians • 5 South Africans • Funded by: • AP Sloan Foundation (CMarZ) • BCLME • BENEFIT • INIP, NatMIRC, MCM

4. Shift in the distribution of sardine as seen during annual pelagic fish biomass surveys, summer1984-2004 (the coast has been linearized). Eastward shift from ca. 2000 onward

5. Shifts in the distribution of sardine eggs as seen during pelagic spawner biomass surveys, 1984-2004. Stratum A = West coast Stratum B = Southwest coast Stratum C = Western Agulhas Bank (WAB) Stratum D = Central Agulhas Bank (CAB) Stratum E = Eastern Agulhas Bank (EAB)

6. Annual Spawner Biomass Surveys (November) Annual Recruit Biomass Surveys (May/June) E-ward shift Funded cooperating project A.12. “Environmental Monitoring and Pelagic Fish Stock Assessment Surveys in South Africa” • Zooplankton collections along ± entire • SA coast during 2 annual pelagic fish • stock assessment surveys since 1984 • (+ongoing) • South Coast: • Recent eastward shift of sampling • area, driven by shift of pelagic fish • outside “traditional” Benguela • Current waters, into Agulhas Current • influenced waters •  unfamiliar zooplankton • community to be analysed • Need for additional training in species ID of SW Indian Ocean zooplankton

7. Coelacanths are found along East African coast, Comoros and Madagascar Funded cooperating project A.13. “African Coelacanth Ecosystem Programme – ACEP”

8. Environmental Monitoring Sites (currents/ Temperature) March 2002 - present

9. FRS Algoa Environmental + Plankton sampling

10. Oblique Bongo sampling: 300 μm – frozen (isotope studies) 500 μm – preserved in formalin (primarily ichthyoplankton) Hb hn JULY-AUGUST 2002 APRIL-MAY 2003 JULY-AUGUST 2003 Hj

11. Locations of deep (0-800m) vertical bongo hauls C. carinatus found in standard depth (0-200m) vertical bongo samples C. carinatus found in deep water (200-800m) Vertical Bongo sampling: - 64 samples (46 in Delagoa Bight, 8 off Tanzania, 4 off Comoros Isles, 6 across Moçambique channel) - 200 μm – all preserved in formalin - all samples analysed - 12 deep (0-800 m) samples to check for Calanoidescarinatus ? and for CMarZ purposes – EtOH preserved AUG.-SEPT. 2004

12. APRIL-MAY 2005 Delagoa Bight – Maputaland April 2005 Transkei May 2005 No zooplankton samples Vertical Bongo sampling: 51 samples - 200 μm – preserved in formalin - all samples analysed - 3 deep (0-800 m) samples to check for Calanoidescarinatus ? and for CMarZ purposes – EtOH preserved

13. APRIL-MAY 2006 AUG.-SEPT. 2006 SEPTEMBER 2005 Vertical Bongo sampling: - 200 μm – preserved in formalin - some 100 μm– in EtOH - samples being analysed - some 0-800 m samples to check for Calanoidescarinatus ? - several preserved in EtOH for CMarZ purposes

14. 2/8 ACEP cruises analysed thus far: • - High diversity, low abundances; • uncertainty w.r.t. species ID common; • help from Kenyan zooplanktologist • (Mr James Mwandawiro Mwaluma, • Kenya Marine & Fisheries Research • Institute, Monbasa); • especial difficulties: spp. of • Eu-/Subeu-/Pareu-calanus. • and • Acro-/Calo-/Clauso-/Ischno-/Para-calanus; • PLAN: •  joint Indian Ocean Zooplankton • Identification Training Course • with other Indian Ocean • Zooplanktologists • Funding: • - AP Sloan (CMarZ)? • ASCLME ? • Various national Govt • Institutions?

15. “MADEX” RRS Discovery Feb. 2005 EtOH-genetics Original cruise plan (Phys./Chem. Oceanography) Actual cruise track • Cruise-of-opportunity for: • - zooplankton collections in • little-researched area • elucidation ofdistribution range of • Calanoides carinatus ? • - training (Sakhile Tsotsobe)

16. 21 MadEx samples analysed: • high diversity; • uncertain ID of numerous • species; • assistance from PhD student • who worked in Tasmania, • Australia helpful but not • sufficient • ► need for ‘Indian Ocean • Zooplankton Identification • Training Course’ • re-emphasized • one species “looked like • Calanoides carinatus, but not • certain as to its true identity”

17. 24 Sep 2006 15 Aug 2006 Clade 1: Spain Angola Namibia S. Aftica Clade 1: Spain Angola Namibia S. Africa Clade 2: Brazil Argentina Clade 2: Argentina Brazil (incl. specimens from type locality) Clade 3: Arabian Sea some Brazil some Argentina Calanoides carinatus ZooGene project – mtCOI analysis UPGMA Ann Bucklin(UConn)