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Broadcasting in SMS4DC

ITU Regional Workshop on SMS4DC for English Speaking countries in Africa, Abuja, Nigeria , 20-31-May 2013. Broadcasting in SMS4DC. Prepared by : Eng.Yasir Mohammed Bashar Yasir_192@ntc.gov.sd. BROACASTING P LANS FOR REGION 1.

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Broadcasting in SMS4DC

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  1. ITU Regional Workshop on SMS4DC for English Speaking countries in Africa, Abuja, Nigeria , 20-31-May 2013

  2. Broadcasting in SMS4DC Prepared by : Eng.Yasir Mohammed Bashar Yasir_192@ntc.gov.sd

  3. BROACASTING PLANS FOR REGION 1 • GE75 The Plan for MF broadcasting in Regions 1 and 3 and LF broadcasting in Region 1, Geneva, 1975 (GE75). • GE84 The Plan for use of the band 87.5-108 MHz for FM sound broadcasting in Region 1 and part of Region 3, Geneva, 1984 (GE84). • GE89 Rev. 2006 The Plan for VHF/UHF television broadcasting in the African Broadcasting Area and neighboring countries, Geneva, 1989 (GE89). • GE06 The Plans for VHF/UHF analogue and digital broadcasting in parts of Regions 1 and 3, in the frequency bands 174-230 MHz and 470-862 MHz, Geneva 2006

  4. GE84 Agreement, • The Regional Administrative Conference for FM Sound Broadcasting for the Countries of Region 1 and Part of Region 3, Afghanistan and the Islamic Republic of Iran, was held in Geneva in 1984, and adopted a Plan for broadcasting stations in the band 87.5-108 MHz. • The Plan came into force on 1 July 1987

  5. Main content of G84 agreement • Frequency Assignment Plan for FM Sound Broadcasting Stations in Region 1 and Part of Region 3 in the Band 87.5 - 108 MHz • Notification of Frequency Assignments • Compatibility with the Aeronautical Radionavigation Service • Basic characteristics of sound broadcasting stations to be submitted for modifications to the Plan in application of Article 4 of the Agreement • Limits for determining when coordination with another administration is required as a result of a proposed modification to the Plan

  6. GE84 Agreement, Geneva 1984 VHF-FM radio Planning area :The countries of Region 1 as defined in No. 393 of the Radio Regulations together with the Democratic Republic of Afghanistan and the Islamic Republic of Iran.

  7. GE84 Lattice Planning system

  8. Procedure for modifying or adding an assignment • An administration wishing to modify the characteristics of an assignment in the Plan or to add a new assignment must preferably seek agreement directly from those administrations whose services are liable to be affected. • It then sends BR the characteristics of the modification or addition electronically or using a T01 form of notice (Circular Letter CR/120), indicating the names of the administrations with which agreement has been reached. • The Bureau determines those frequency assignments in conformity with the Plan that may be affected and publishes the characteristics of the modifications in Part A of a GE84 Special Section together with the names of those administrations that have given their agreement and those from which agreement must be obtained.

  9. Procedure for modifying or adding an assignment • When an assignment in conformity with the Agreement is withdrawn, the administration concerned so informs the Bureau immediately using TB5 forms of notice. The Bureau publishes this information in Part C of the GE84 Special Section and updates the Plan.

  10. Notification of frequency assignments • An administration wishing to bring a broadcasting assignment into operation in conformity with the Agreement must notify it to the Bureau in conformity with the provisions of Article 11 of the Radio Regulations. • When the assignment brought into use is in conformity with the technical characteristics set forth for the assignment in the Plan, it is then entered into the Master International Frequency Register(generally known as the MIFR).

  11. Example table of coordination distances • Different tables are used for various types of propagation path. These are incorporated in SMS4DC and used for BC2BC coordination menu function. • If the station coordination distance (given in the appropriate table for the station e.r.p) is greater than the distance from the station to the border, the station must be coordinated

  12. Coordination of Minimum FS and protection ratio • Minimum field strength: The planning was based on the following median values of the minimum usable field strength (measured 10 m above ground level):

  13. An Administration Should Normally Accept theProposed Modification Provided that: • The resulting usable field strength is not greater than 54 dB(μV/m); or • The resulting usable field strength is greater than 54 dB(μV/m), but is increased by 0.5 dB or less compared with the reference usable field strength. An increase of more than 0.5 dB is open to negotiations, in which more detailed calculation methods may be used.

  14. Some definitions from the plan • Coverage area: The area within which the field strength of the wanted transmitter is equal to or greater than the usable field strength. In this area the protection against interference is provided for 99% of time. • Service area: The part of the coverage area in which the administration has the right to demand that the agreed protection conditions be provided.

  15. Important parameters(1) Protection ratio, PR The required difference in dB between the level of the wanted signal and the level of the interfering signal to achieve the required quality of reception. Minimum field strength (C/N) It is a minimum field strength level which is necessary to fulfil the signal quality for coverage. Waned field strength (Ew) The required field strength of a wanted signal to achieve the required quality of reception, considering multiple interfering signals and their corresponding protection ratios .Ew>En

  16. Important parameters(2) • Interferer field strength, Ei[dBμV/m] The field strength of a single interfering other signal • Nuisance field strength( En) The equivalent required field strength of a wanted signal to achieve the required quality of reception, considering a single interfering signal and its corresponding protection ratio. En= Ei(interference field strength)+ PR • Usable field strength, Eu[dBμV/m]: The required field strength of a wanted signal to achieve the required quality of reception, considering multiple interfering signals and their corresponding protection ratios Eu= Sum [En]

  17. Interference by Noise Wanted field strength Ew Minimum field strength Emin Noise level Es C/N Noise wanted TX Criteria for coverage Wanted Field Str. > Minimum Field Str. Ew > Es + C/N Coverage area Emin

  18. Interference by one Transmitter Nuisance field En Wanted field strength Ew Protection ratio Interfering field strength Ei C/N Noise Coverage areawith noise only Criteria for coverage Wanted Field Str. > Nuisance Field Str. Ew > Ei + PR En Coverage area with one interfering Tx

  19. Interference by several Transmitters Usable field strength Eu Protection ratioEw E i 2 E i 1 C/N Noise Coverage areawith noise only Criteria for coverage Wanted Field Str. > Usable Field Str. m Σ n Ew > E j Coverage area 1=j123 with severalinterfering Tx Eu

  20. Selection Criteria

  21. Nigeria Recorded G84 PLAN

  22. GE84 using SMS4DC

  23. BC to BC/BT Coordination distance • distances between the broadcasting station and the nearest point on the boundary of any other administration shall be used to identify administrations whose sound broadcasting services may be considered as affected Pb : Nearest point to border Border Country Y Country X BC Station

  24. BC to BC Coordination distance

  25. BC to BT Coordination distance

  26. BC TO F X coordination • Fixed service is affected if field strength of BC at the nearest point on the boundary of another administration exceeds 0dB. Pb : Nearest point to border Border Country Y Country X BC Station

  27. BC TO LM Coordination • Land mobile station is affected if field strength of BC at the nearest point on the boundary of another administration exceeds the following limits • Region 3 • horizontal polarization: 18 dB(mV/m). • vertical or mixed polarization: 0 dB(mV/m); • No. 581 of MCO • horizontal polarization: 14 dB(mV/m); • vertical or mixed polarization: 6 dB(mV/m). Pb : Nearest point to border Country Y Border Country X BC Station

  28. EXCERSISES

  29. GE06 Agreement GE06 D & GE06A & GE06L Prepared by : Eng.Yasir Mohammed Bashar Yasir_192@ntc.gov.sd

  30. Geneva agreement of 2006 (GE 06) which resulted from the Regional Radio Communication Conference of 2006 (RRC 06) for countries in Region 1 (Europe, Africa and the Middle East and Region 3 (Islamic Republic of Iran).

  31. Region 1 (parts of Region 1 situated to the west of meridian 170° E and to the north of parallel 40° S, except the territory of Mongolia) and in the Islamic Republic of Iran

  32. Frequency Allocation, Allotment and Assignments Frequency allocations

  33. Two types of allocation Allocation structures • Exclusive allocations • Involve broad international use of equipment and practices • Imply the need to harmonize relevant operational procedures and technical material in a larger international context • In some cases, exclusive allocations are subject to a plan (e.g. in the broadcasting service, in the maritime mobile service, or in the aeronautical mobile service) • Shared frequency allocations • applied to maximize the usage of the available spectrum • two or more radio communication services can effectively utilize the same frequency band • regulatory procedures based on the use of technical criteria (usually threshold values) intended to identify the countries with which the coordination is to be effected to obtain an acceptable sharing arrangement

  34. Examples Frequency allotment plans • AP25: Worldwide frequency allotment plan for coast radio telephone stations in band 4000 - 27500 kHz • AP26: Worldwide frequency allotment plan for aeronautical mobile (OR) service in 3025 – 18030 kHz • AP27: Worldwide frequency allotment plan for aeronautical mobile (R) service in 2850 – 22000 kHz

  35. Examples • GE85-R1-MAR: Frequency assignment plan for the maritime mobile service in the MF bands in Region 1 • GE85-R1-AER: Frequency assignment plan for the aeronautical radio-navigation service in the MF bands in Region 1 • GE85-EMA: Frequency assignment plan for the maritime radio-navigation service (radio beacons) for the European maritime area in the band 283.5 - 315 kHz

  36. GE06 Frequency plans • The digital Plan consisting of two parts: • the 174-230 MHz band and the 470-862 MHz band (comprising T-DAB Plan assignments, T-DAB Plan allotments, DVB-T Plan assignements, DVB-T Plan allotments); • The analogue Plan consisting of two parts: the 174- 230 MHz band and the 470-862 MHz band. • After the expiry of the Transition period, the Plans will only contain the digital Plan.

  37. GE06D • GE06D agreement adopts Digital Terrestrial Broadcasting Plan in the frequency bands III (174-230 MHz) and bands IV/V (470-862 MHz) • T-DAB (Band III), Terrestrial digital audio broadcasting, for radio with two reception modes of mobile and portable • DVB-T (Bands III, IV, V), Digital video broadcasting – terrestrial, for television with four reception modes of fixed, mobile, portable indoor and outdoor.

  38. GE06A • GE06A agreement adopts analogue Terrestrial Broadcasting Plan in the frequency bands III (174-230 MHz) and bands IV/V (470-862 MHz) which will exist until the international Switch-over date in June 2015. • However, analog TV broadcasting will be protected up to 2020 upon the request of a number of African and Middle East countries in VHF (Band III).

  39. GE06L As referred to in paragraph 1.15 of Article 1 of the GE06 Agreement, the List of assignments to primary terrestrial services other than broadcasting

  40. Layout of channels in VHF/ UHF bands For digital broadcasting, according to GE06D

  41. T-DAB frequency blocks (VHF)

  42. Standard and variants (1/2) • Within the standard for digital television there are many variants. Within these variants in the DVB-t family of standards different options in relation to various technical parameters, such as the number of carriers, modulation schemes, coding rate, guard interval, etc. are available. • These variants has an impact on the type of broadcast service delivered (i.e. conventional multi-channel television, handheld/portable television or high definition television), as the different options generate different planning parameters and this in turn can have a significant impact on network capacity, design and cost of implementation.

  43. No of Programs (Quality Versus Quantity) • There is a link between the standard and variant selected for digital broadcasting, the quality of the programme services and the quantity of services available (i.e. HDTV SDTV). • Different types of multiplexing and system variants provide differing quality and services. In order to provide an acceptable video and audio quality in conventional displays there are certain minimum parameters.

  44. Approach to planning(1)

  45. Approach to planning (2) • Reference field strength: The agreed value of the field strength that can serve as a reference or basis for frequency planning. • Test points: A test point is a geographically defined location at which specified calculations are carried out.

  46. Approach to planning (3) • Coordination trigger field strength: Field-strength level which, when exceeded, determines that coordination is required (also referred to as trigger field strength). • Fixed reception: Fixed reception is defined as reception where a directional receiving antenna mounted at roof level is used. • Portable reception :Portable reception is defined as: • class A (outdoor), which means reception where a portable receiver with an attached or built-in antenna is used outdoors at no less than 1.5 m above ground level; • class B (ground floor, indoor), which means reception where a portable receiver with an attached or built-in antenna is used indoors at no less than 1.5 m above floor level in rooms • Mobile reception: Mobile reception is defined as reception by a receiver in motion with an antenna situated at no less than 1.5 m above ground level. This could for example be a car receiver or handheld equipment.

  47. Approach to planning (4) • Multi-frequency network (MFN): A network of transmitting stations using several RF channels. • Single-frequency network (SFN):A network of synchronized transmitting stations radiating identical signals in the same RF channel. • Reference planning configuration (RPC): A representative combination of criteria and parameters to be used for frequency planning purposes. • Reference network (RN): A generic network structure representing a real network, for the purposes of a compatibility analysis. The main purpose is to determine the potential for and susceptibility to interference of typical digital broadcasting networks. • Digital Plan entry: An assignment, or an allotment, or a combination of assignments that may or may not be linked to a single allotment and that, for the purposes of the implementation of the Plan and its modifications, is treated as a single entity.

  48. Multiple frequency networks Separation required Gap-fillers require additional spectrum

  49. Single frequency networks Limited distance Gap-fillers operate on same frequency

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