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Consolidation of Latin America Overview A. Four Areas Escape Imperialists Scramble

Explore the political, social, and economic changes in Latin America during the 19th century. Learn about the struggles for independence, the rise of caudillos, the role of the church, and the economic resurgence. Discover how gender, race, and class shaped society during this transformative period.

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Consolidation of Latin America Overview A. Four Areas Escape Imperialists Scramble

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  1. Consolidation of Latin America • Overview A. Four Areas Escape Imperialists Scramble 1. Russia 2. Middle East 3. East Asia 4. Latin America

  2. B. Mid 19th Century 1. Most Latin America countries gain independence 2. Political culture shaped by Enlightenment 3. Problems a. Colonial govt. not participatory b. Class & regional interests caused division c. Industrial capitalism made Latin America a dependent zone

  3. II. Causes of Political Change A. Creole Elite 1. Questioned colonial systems 2. Failure of early attempts: feared losing power fear of revolt

  4. B. External Events Impact Political Thought 1. American Revolution- provides model 2. French Revolution- ideology 3. Haitian Revolution- Toussaint L’Oveture 4. Spanish & French occupation caused political confusion

  5. Example: Simon Bolivar- Venezuelan statesman who led the revolt of South American colonies against Spanish rule; founded Bolivia in 1825 (1783-1830 Jamaican Letter: Enlightenment Examples of American Revolution Calls for unit amongst Latin American States Specualtes about the destiny of independent states

  6. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=8HFiSUjEzVs Latin American Revolutions: Crash Course World History https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ZBw35Ze3bg8

  7. III. New Nations Confront Old & New Problems A. Early efforts for political unity fail 1. Regional rivalries 2. Internal frictions 3. Majority outside political process

  8. B. Caudillos, Politics, & Church 1. Caudillos- powerful men that controlled local areas a. Intervened to make & unmake national government b. Defended interests of regional elite, peasants, & Indians c. General disregard for the rule of law

  9. 2. Politics a. Dispute over form of republican govt b. Centralists 1. Strong govt 2. Broad powers c. Federalists- power & authority in regional / local govt

  10. d. Liberals 1. Influenced by U.S. & French models 2. Stressed individual rights 3. opposed structure of colonial society 4. Favored a federalist govt. e. Conservatives 1. Favored a centralized state 2. Maintenance of colonial social order

  11. C. Role of Church 1. Liberals limit its civil role 2. Conservative support Papacy 3. Political parties- formed between landowners & urban middle class 4. Results: a. Enduring political instability b. Rapid turnover of rulers & constitutions

  12. IV. Mid-Century Stagnation, Economic Resurgence, & Liberal Politics A. 1820-1850 economy stagnates 1. Mining sector a. Suffered from wars of independence b. Infrastructure- poor c. Lack of investment capital 2. Overall collapse of vital business institutions

  13. B. European Market Expansion 1. 1850- Global Economy 2. Products a. Coffee b. Beef c. Minerals d.Grains, etc 3. Result a. Revenue to govts b. Urbanization c. Transportation & infrastructure improvements d. Population doubles after 1850

  14. 4. Liberal Politicians a. Return to prominence last quarter 19th cent. 1. Positivism- scientific approach to solving problems 2. Shift- result of Industrial Revolution & Imperialism 3. Foreign capitalists, expansion, & Western economy supported by: a. Liberals b. Landowners c. Merchants 4. Political divisions thwart efforts / reform 5. Economic growth @ expense of peasantry

  15. V. Old Patterns of Gender, Race & Class A. Women 1. Despite participation in revolutions little gains 2. Patriarchal rule- no vote/ political office 3. Lower class- more economic & personal independence 4. Educational opportunities limited

  16. B. Race & Ethnicity 1. Colonial patterns persist 2. Personal liberties sacrificed for economic growth 3. Creole elite- controlled land, politics & economy

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