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European Exploration of Asia in the 1400s

Learn how Europeans sought to dominate the rich Asian spice trade through oceanic voyages, driven by factors like the Ottomans' impact on European trade, technological innovations, and the desire for direct access to Asian markets. Discover the key players, motivations, innovations, and significant voyages of this era.

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European Exploration of Asia in the 1400s

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  1. 4/17 Focus: • Europeans, seeking a greater share of the rich Asian spice trade, began to make oceanic voyages of exploration in the 1400’s • Important Terms: • Cartography • Do Now: • What impact did the Ottomans have on European trade with Asia

  2. The Age of Exploration Early Voyages of Exploration

  3. European Interest in Asia • Factors that increased European interests in trade with Asia • Crusades • Pax Mongolia • Marco Polo’s travels

  4. Motives for Exploration • European trade with Asia had been disrupted by Ottomans control of E. Mediterranean • Byzantine falls • Constantinople becomes Istanbul

  5. Motives for Exploration • Italian and Muslim merchants controlled trade routes to Asia • Acted as a middleman between W. Europe and Asia • Muslim traders brought the goods to the Mediterranean • Italian traders brought the goods to Europe • Increased prices of goods

  6. Motives for Exploration • Europeans wanted to gain direct access to trade with Asia • Began seeking ocean routes to Asia

  7. Motives for Exploration • Some Europeans motivated by desire to spread Christianity • Others by adventure and Glory

  8. Technological Improvements • The renaissance led to new developments in technology and scientific knowledge • The Printing Press • Gutenberg developed moveable type printing press • Increased the spread of ideas and information • Geography

  9. Technological Improvements • Mapmaking and Navigation • Compass • Astrolabe and Sextant • Instruments which helped sailors navigate the seas • Improvements in cartography • Use of lines of latitude • Maps showing ocean currents Astrolabe(1532) Sextant Mariner’s Compass

  10. Technological Improvements • Improvements in shipbuilding • Advances in shipbuilding lead to the creation of ships that could sail long distances • Learned shipbuilding techniques from Arabs • Stern rudders • Triangular sails

  11. Technological Improvements • The Caravel • ship developed by the Portuguese • Faster and capable of holding more cargo • Could sail in shallow water • Allowed for the exploration of coastlines and inlets

  12. Closure • Identify one factor that increased Europe’s interest in trade with Asia? • Why did Europeans begin searching for a sea route to Asia? • Identify one technological development that allowed the Europeans to begin searching for sea routes to Asia?

  13. 4/23 Focus: • Portugal and Spain both had technology, resources, and political unity to support sea travel and exploration • Do Now: • Identify one example of how cultural diffusion helped European exploration.

  14. Spain and Portugal • Two western European nations that led early attempts at exploration in Europe • located on the Iberian Peninsula • Looked to the Atlantic for trade routes to Asia

  15. Prince Henry the Navigator • Portuguese prince who established a school for sailors in Portugal in 1419 • School was responsible for the early development of European exploration and maritime trade with Africa and Asia • Portugal becomes a leader in this area • Portuguese sailors began exploring the coast of West Africa

  16. Bartholomeu Dias • Portuguese sailor who sailed around the tip of Africa in 1487 • The Cape of Good Hope

  17. Vasco De Gama • Portuguese sailor who traveled around Africa to Calcutta, Indiain 1498

  18. Reconquista • Campaign by Christians to recapture Spain from Muslim rule • Spain and Portugal Conquered by Muslim invaders in 8th century

  19. Reconquista • King Ferdinand and Queen Isabella take the last Muslim province in Spain (1492) • Began Spanish inquisition to create religious unity • Financed voyages to find new routes to Asia

  20. Christopher Columbus • Venetian sailor working for Spain crosses the Atlantic with three ships and discovers the “New World” • Believed Asia could be reached by sailing west from Spain • Believed it was about 2,000 miles from Spain • Estimated it to be a 2month journey • Left Lisbon, Spain on August 3,1492 • Lands on a small island in the Bahamas on October 12,1492 • Names the island San Salvador

  21. Columbus’s First Voyage

  22. Was Columbus the First European to Reach the America’s ? • Vikings had sailed west to North America several centuries before Columbus • Leif Ericksson explored a area west of Greenland that Vikings called Vinland • Historians believe that Vinland was North America • Archaeologists have found Viking settlements in Newfoundland

  23. Pedro Cabral • Portuguese sailor who found South America • Had been attempting to sail around Africa • Sailed too far west and landed the coast of modern day Brazil

  24. Magellan • Portuguese sailor who became the first person to circumnavigate the globe • Sail completely around the world

  25. Treaty of Tordesillas • Spain and Portugal both claimed the Americas • Pope Alexander VI divided the non European world between Spain and Portugal • Line of Demarcation • West went Spain • East went to Portugal

  26. Closure • Identify one reason why Spain and Portugal came to dominate exploration in the Atlantic? • What is the significance of Vasco de Gama’s voyages of exploration?

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