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Thermal Energy

Learn about thermal energy, heat transfer, conduction, convection, and radiation in simple terms. Discover how temperature affects objects and why materials like conductors and insulators play a crucial role.

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Thermal Energy

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  1. Thermal Energy

  2. Thermal Energy • Measurement related to the quantity of molecules. • the total of all the kinetic and potential energy of all the particles in a substance.

  3. Thermal Energy Relationships • As temperature increases, so does thermal energy (because the kinetic energy of the particles increased). • Even if the temperature doesn’t change, the thermal energy in a more massive substance is higher(because it is a total measure of energy).

  4. Cup gets cooler while hand gets warmer HEAT • The flow of thermal energy from one object to another. • Heat always flows from warmer to cooler objects. • Heat is the result of molecules vibrating quickly. • Heat is moving energy. Ice gets warmer while hand gets cooler

  5. Heat and Particle Movement Relationship

  6. TEMPERATURE • Measure of kinetic energy of molecules • Thermometer • Fahrenheit • Celsius • Kelvin

  7. Conduction: heat energy travels through solids by vibrating particles

  8. The transfer of heat from one object to another by direct contact between objects or particles.

  9. Examples: Your feet transfer (conduct) heat to a cold tile floor. A spoon placed in hot soup becomes warmer as the spoon conducts heat away from the hot soup.

  10. Convection: heat energy travels through gases and • liquids because the particles move • around (current)

  11. Heat transferred by the movement of molecules within a substance. • Movement occurs from warmer areas to cooler areas.

  12. Convection Current • The movement of a substance that is caused by differences in temperature and density. • Examples: wind boiling water • Nature wants everything to balance!

  13. Consider this - when you look at the road in the summertime on a hot day, you may notice that the air above the road looks “blurry” – this is convectiontaking place as the hot air directly over the road absorbs the heat from the road and rises. Although the explanation can be quite complex, convection can help explain why mirages are seen in the desert.

  14. :heat energy travels through waves without a medium – solid, liquid, gas

  15. Heat transferred through space. All objects emit (give out) and absorb (take in) thermal radiation (heat energy). However materials radiate and absorb heat better than others. EXAMPLE: the sun’s rays causing a sunburn.

  16. Thermal radiation is also known as infrared radiation.

  17. Which color/surface absorbs thermal radiation the best? Black Shiny gray Matt grey White

  18. Which hand feels hot first? Why?

  19. Which color of teapot should you put your tea in? Why?

  20. Review

  21. Which radiates heat better; black material or silver material? Which absorbs heat better; black material or silver material? Explain choice?

  22. Review http://open2.net/sciencetechnologynature/worldaroundus/kitchenchaos_embedded.html

  23. Why is it colder in the night than in the day? • The sun is the greatest heat source in the world. • As the sun comes up, it warms the world. • As the sun goes down, the heat is taken away and it cools off.

  24. What will happen to this cold snowman throughout the day as the sun warms it up? The warmth of the sun will cause the snowman to melt.

  25. What would happen to the temperature of the boiling water in this kettle if ice cubes were added? The coolness of the ice cubes would change the temperature of the water from hot to lukewarm.

  26. How is the change in temperature of the snowman and the boiling water related? The temperature of both the snowman and the boiling water changed to a temperature that was not really cold or really hot, but rather somewhere in the middle.

  27. Conductors • Conductors are materials that transfer heat easily. • Conductors hold heat in faster than others

  28. The molecules in a conductor are close together. This allows the heat to move to all parts of the pot and the stew in the pot. Examples: metals like copper and gold

  29. Insulators • An insulator is a material that does not transfer heat easily. • The molecules in an insulator are far apart. This helps prevent heat from flowing in or out. • They do not let heat in quickly.

  30. Insulators and conductors allow us to somewhat control the flow of heat or the change in temperature of objects.

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