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Thermal Energy

Thermal Energy. Chapter 6. Temperature. Matter is in constant random motion, and hot particles move faster than cold ones because hot particles have more kinetic energy Temperature is the measure of the average kinetic energy of the particles of an object

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Thermal Energy

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  1. Thermal Energy Chapter 6

  2. Temperature • Matter is in constant random motion, and hot particles move faster than cold ones because hot particles have more kinetic energy • Temperature is the measure of the average kinetic energy of the particles of an object • Temperature is often measured in Celsius or Fahrenheit

  3. Heat • Heat is thermal energy that flows from something from higher temperature to something at a lower temperature • Heat is a type of energy, so it is measured in Joules • When ice melts, the thermal energy from the warmer air transfers to the colder ice, making it melt

  4. Specific Heat • The amount of heat needed to raise the temperature of 1 kg of a substance’s temperature 1 degree Celsius • The higher the specific heat, the more energy is needed to change the temperature of the substance • Water has a very high specific heat • Metal and sand have a very low specific heat

  5. Water as a Coolant • Water has a very high specific heat, meaning it takes a lot of energy to break the bonds between the molecules and allow the temperature to rise • Because of this, water is used as a coolant • Think of a swimming pool vs the concrete around the pool

  6. Calculating Heat Energy • Q= Heat Energy in Joules • ΔT= Change in Temp in degrees C • M= mass in kg • C= specific heat (constant) Q M C ΔT

  7. Specific Heat Constants

  8. Transferring Thermal Energy • Conduction- heat transfer by touching • Example: A metal spoon in hot coffee • Sitting in a chair and the chair gets warm • The best heat conductors are metals, silver, copper and aluminum are the best conductors of heat

  9. Convection • Transfer of thermal energy in a fluid by the movement of fluids from a warmer place • Example: Heating up water in a bathtub by adding more hot water • Lava Lamp • Example: Weather patterns

  10. Radiation • Earth gets heat from the sun, heat can only travel from the sun to the Earth by radiation, because conduction and convection both require matter • Radiation is the transfer of energy by electromagnetic rays • Often called radiant energy

  11. The Electromagnetic Spectrum

  12. Controlling Heat Flow • Putting on a coat or an oven mitt are both examples of trying to control the flow of heat • Many animals have adaptations that help them control the flow of heat • Penguins have a layer of blubber and thick, closely spaced feathers • Reptiles have scaly skin that helps to reflect sunlight

  13. Insulators • A material in which heat flows slowly • Gases are usually better insulators than solids are liquids • Buildings are insulated to keep warm air in the building during the winter and cool air in the summer • Fleece jackets trap warm air pockets close to your body

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