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New Interaction Techniques

New Interaction Techniques. Adaptive Scan Interval. Grigori Evreinov. Department of Computer Sciences University of Tampere, Finland. Department of Computer Sciences University of Tampere, Finland. www.cs.uta.fi/~grse/. September – December, 2003.

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New Interaction Techniques

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  1. New Interaction Techniques Adaptive Scan Interval Grigori Evreinov Department of Computer SciencesUniversity of Tampere, Finland Department of Computer SciencesUniversity of Tampere, Finland www.cs.uta.fi/~grse/ September – December, 2003

  2. Fossil Wrist PDA with Palm OS http://www.fossil.com/ Adaptive Scan Interval in novel Wrist PDAs button functionality is a key question single-switch manipulation for text entry is also considered as a model for optimizing a menu selection task for physically challenged users scanning mode is one of accessibility options used in MS Windows system this mode was applied with onscreen keyboard to choose highlight areas by pressing a hot key or using a switch-input device TAUCHI MMIG G. Evreinov 01_21 04.11.2003

  3. Adaptive Scan Interval a performance with scan mode will depend on the congruence degree of user actions and the way of presenting spatial-temporal structure of the interface, while the feedback cues should play a role of strobe-signals to stimulate user behavior and to stabilize temporal framework for rhythmically-alternating cognitive and motor activities recently diverse versions of the onscreen keyboards with a scanning option were designed to provide alternative access for people who cannot move any pointing device at all some of them are based on forecast and prediction of user behavior, auto-completion and phrase-based text entry phrase entry technique can be based on complicated asymmetric hierarchical structure with a huge number of branches to specify a phrase category [1, 2] TAUCHI MMIG G. Evreinov 02_21 04.11.2003

  4. Adaptive Scan Interval http://www.enkidu.net/ TAUCHI MMIG G. Evreinov 03_21 04.11.2003

  5. Adaptive Scan Interval http://www.enkidu.net/ TAUCHI MMIG G. Evreinov 04_21 04.11.2003

  6. Adaptive Scan Interval http://www.wivik.com/Downloads/WiViK3UserGuide.pdf TAUCHI MMIG G. Evreinov 05_21 04.11.2003

  7. http://www.computer-fuer-Behinderte.de/ Adaptive Scan Interval a cyclic temporal sequence to simulate joystick’s state through a single switch operation by, when the right state appeared or was entered [2] TAUCHI MMIG G. Evreinov 06_21 04.11.2003

  8. Adaptive Scan Interval eLocutor demo1 demo2 demo3 [3] http://www.holisticit.com/eLocutor/Elocutorv2.htm TAUCHI MMIG G. Evreinov 07_21 04.11.2003

  9. Adaptive Scan Interval in eLocutor [2], to type the sentence “what is the date today” took 6 clicks and 13 seconds after the first word was typed however, before the first word was typed it was necessary to pass 6 levels and make 6 clicks without any mistake this procedure can take 14 seconds or more depending on a number of alternatives on each used level branching with a huge number of alternatives makes difficult not the navigation itself but the waiting of the moment when a necessary menu item will be accessible (activated) another problem is: how to simulate “back step” or undo operation when the user can manipulate only a single button (switch)? that is, the problem is how to navigate and capture any item among the long menu list with maximal efficiency in any moment when only a single button is being used TAUCHI MMIG G. Evreinov 08_21 04.11.2003

  10. [4] Adaptive Scan Interval the problem of connectivity in complex cyclic menu can be decided through access hierarchy for key-nodes and short-cycles at the same time, if the system could individually and dynamically turn, scan mode could be more flexible real-time manipulation by scan-interval and adjustments of delays have been investigated by Simpson and Koester [4], Lesher et al. [5], and Bourhis [6] TAUCHI MMIG G. Evreinov 09_21 04.11.2003

  11. [5] Adaptive Scan Interval Lesher et al. [5] developed a method for row-column scanning interface based upon quantitative measures of scanning performance the adjustment scheme optimized scanning delays after approximately 1200 selections (~240 words) TAUCHI MMIG G. Evreinov 10_21 04.11.2003

  12. Adaptive Scan Interval Bourhis and Pino were built EDITH system based on mathematical model (MHP) of the operator’s behavior and statistical analysis of experimental data [6] a behavior model includes a particular sequence of actions, they are: perception, cognitive processing and motor actions Tact = Tp + Tc + Tm Tp – perception cycle /period Tc – cognition cycle Tm – motion cycle Tact – action times Tact Tscan TAUCHI MMIG G. Evreinov 11_21 04.11.2003

  13. Adaptive Scan Interval in any case, physical stimulus starts the motor reaction that could be measured if the moment of stimulus is known based on real-time analysis the visual-motor reaction time, we can predict and optimize scan interval selection selection highlighting the menu item selection Tthreshold RTi Time T0 T2 T1 Tscan the temporal diagram of the algorithm for measuring the user performance through visual-motor reaction time and correction of the scan interval T0 – the first variable interval, T1 – the second variable interval and T2 = T1 Tthresh. - dynamical threshold Tthresh. = T0 + T1 [ see tooDwellTimeInteraction.ppt ] TAUCHI MMIG G. Evreinov 12_21 04.11.2003

  14. Adaptive Scan Interval demo4 Two examples in testing of the adaptive scan interval. Changing for T0 – low graph; periodic correction for T1 and RTi – upper graph. one test phrase of six words could be enough to initialize the system, after this kind of calibration the proposed algorithm will automatically keep scan interval near convenient magnitude with given speed (increment dT) TAUCHI MMIG G. Evreinov 13_21 04.11.2003

  15. Adaptive Scan Interval Usability-testing software for… Adaptive Scan Interval [ see too T-Adaptive Unit in DwellTimeInteraction.ppt ] TAUCHI MMIG G. Evreinov 14_21 04.11.2003

  16. Adaptive Scan Interval Private Sub ChangeScan() rTime > 100 or tScan / 2 ArrThresh(nClick) = rTime - tScan T0 Yes ChangeScan nClick < (nAve + 1) No ArrDTmp(nClick) = rTime - tScan aveThresh = tThresh Yes ArrThresh(nClick) = tThresh ArrCThresh(nClick) = tThresh ArrScan(nClick) = tScan t1 = 0: t2 = 0 No Shift of array and count of the sliding aveThresh aveThresh < min lower limit Yes aveThresh = min No aveThresh < tThresh - tDelta aveThresh > tThresh + tDelta TAUCHI MMIG G. Evreinov 15_21 04.11.2003

  17. Adaptive Scan Interval Private Sub ChangeScan() aveThresh < tThresh - tDelta aveThresh > tThresh + tDelta tScan = tScan - tDelta sDelta = sDelta - tDelta tScan = tScan + tDelta sDelta = sDelta + tDelta tScan < 100 lower limit tScan = 100 ArrScan(nClick) = tScan new current value sDelta > tIndex  tDelta sDelta < (-1)  tIndex  tDelta change Line2 position tThresh = tThresh + CInt(sDelta / 2) sDelta = 0 tThresh = tThresh + CInt(sDelta / 2) sDelta = 0 tThresh < 50 tThresh = 50 lower limit ArrCThresh(nClick) = tThresh change Line1 position new current value TAUCHI MMIG G. Evreinov p 16_21 04.11.2003

  18. Adaptive Scan Interval Usability-testing software for… txtEntry_1Btn_a TAUCHI MMIG G. Evreinov 17_21 04.11.2003

  19. ERA DHL GWV ERA E TIS CFP BXK DHL R NO_ UMY QJZ GWV A Adaptive Scan Interval changing content of the group Start Click the First Click imaging the 1st active group of menu items imaging the 2nd active group of menu items imaging the 3d active group of menu items the 3d Click Start Click the 1st Click the 2nd Click ERA DHL GWV E TIS CFP BXK NO_ UMY QJZ Time TAUCHI MMIG G. Evreinov 18_21 04.11.2003

  20. ERA DHL GWV ERA DHL GWV E TIS CFP BXK TIS CFP BXK R NO_ UMY QJZ NO_ UMY QJZ A E Edit R File A TextEntry Adaptive Scan Interval the 2nd Click Press-and-hold the key Up Time ERA DHL GWV E E Text entry will be switched into commands selection mode Press-and-hold the key Up Time ERA DHL GWV Stop Cancel BackSp Signs TAUCHI MMIG G. Evreinov 19_21 04.11.2003

  21. 677.8 248.3 73.9 Adaptive Scan Interval average times (and standard deviation) needed to choose any character at scan interval 460 ms regarding to predicted values (the left columns) summarized relative frequency of the characters per one thousand letters used during the test for each group (according to accessibility) is shown in the bottom TAUCHI MMIG G. Evreinov 20_21 04.11.2003

  22. Adaptive Scan Interval References [1] File, P., Todman, J., Higginbotham, J., Lesher, G.W., Moulton, B.J., Alm, N. CONTACT: A Communication Aid Based on Pre-Prepared Phrases. AAATE’03, Contact_146-final.pdf [2] Seveke, E. & Seveke, L. Computer aids for handicapped persons (MauSi scan). http://www.computer-fuer-behinderte.de/ [3] Mehta, A. eLocutor version 2. http://www.holisticit.com/eLocutor/Elocutorv2.htm [4] Simpson, R.C., Koester, H.H. Adaptive one-switch row-column scanning. IEEE Transactions on Rehabilitation Engineering 7(4), (1999), 464-473. [5] Lesher, G.W., Higginbotham, D.J., and Moulton, B.J. Techniques for automatically updating scanning delays. Proc. of the RESNA 2000, (2000), 85-87. Available at: http://www.enkidu.net/enkidu_research.html [6] Bourhis, G., Pino, P. Temporal analysis of the use of an augmentative communication device. Proc. AAATE’03. IOS Press, Netherlands (2003), 294-298. [7] Specialized Input Systems. Onscreen keyboards. Assistive Technology Training Online Project, 2000-2002. http://atto.buffalo.edu/registered/ATBasics/AdaptingComputers/Special/onscreenkeyboards.php [8] Stephanidis, C., Savidis, A. Interface development toolkits for non-visual and switch-based interaction. Proc. ERCIM News, Special Theme: Human Computer Interaction, 46 (2001, July) 14-15. http://www.ercim.org/publication/Ercim_News/enw46/stephanidis2.html TAUCHI MMIG G. Evreinov p 21_21 04.11.2003

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