Ranger Award Elective Requirements

1. Ranger Award Elective Requirements Venture Crew 851 SCUBA Presented byDr. Ed Hawkins 2014 May 5 Reference: “Recreational SCUBA Diving by Shaun Sykes”

3. Open Water SCUBA Certification

5. Topics of Discussion • SCUBA – Its meaning and history • Equipment • Types of Dives • Training and Certifications • Health and safety • Dive sites and statistics • Crew Options

6. SCUBAMeaning and History • SCUBA – Self-Contained Underwater Breathing Apparatus • Long history dating back from 332 BC Alexander the Great – wooden barrel dive bell • Modern fins, mask and snorkel tubes were developed by fishermen from America, Russia, France and England in the 1920s and 1930s “Dive Bell” 17th Century 1918 Schrader – US Navy Dive Helmut British “Frog Man” c.1945

7. History (cont’d) • Recreational SCUBA Diving began between 1942 - 1943, after Emile Gagnan and Captain Jacques –Yves Cousteau developed the self-contained “Aqua-Lung” and new regulator that was automatic. • Cousteau took many successful, experimental dives with his friends, wife and two sons, making this an experimental family trip and experience. 1910-1997 Cousteau Society RV Calypso Cousteau Society Mini-Sub

8. Basic Equipment (1 of 5) • Mask- Device covering eyes and nose, allowing you to see underwater • Fins – Device put on the feet to extend the kicking motion underwater. • Snorkel – Device used to breath air close to or on the surface of the water

9. Basic Equipment (2 of 5) • Regulator – Device that delivers air to you on demand at reduced pressure • BCD or BC – (Buoyancy compensator device) controls buoyancy up or down

10. Basic Equipment (3 of 5) • Weights – Lead weights used to weigh down divers for depth decent • Pressure gauge – (SPG- Submersible Pressure Gauge) and depth gauge tells diver how much air is in tank, and depth of dive

11. Basic Equipment (4 of 5) • Wet suit – Insulated suit used to keep warm by warming a layer of water next to your skin • Dry suit – Used to keep the diver dry and warm in cold temperatures • Body suit – Warm temperature suit that keeps the core body warm

12. Basic Equipment (5 of 5) Gloves Hood Booties Knife Tank Light Watch Scooter

13. Diving Apparel Temperature • High 80s • 80º - 90º F • 75º - 80ºF • 70º - 80ºF • 50º - 70ºF • Below 50ºF What to wear • A Lycra body suit, a shorty, or a dive jacket (the top of a two-piece suit) • A shorty, a dive jacket, or a full-length, one-piece, 3mm wet suit • A 3mm one-piece jumpsuit, or a two-piece wet suit • A 5mm full-length wetsuit, a two-piece wetsuit, or a dry suit with light weight insulating garments • A 7mm full-length two-piece wetsuit with gloves and hood, or a dry suit with insulating garments • A dry suit with insulating garments, hood, gloves or mitts, and possibly face mask

14. Types of Dives • Types of dives – Boat, shore, pier • How to enter the water • From shore, walk into the water without fins, then put them on in the water • In rough water, put fins on and walk in backwards • If on a boat or pier • Giant Stride • Backward roll • Controlled Seated entry • Group entry

15. Types of Dives (cont’d) • Decent • Travel under water • Hand signals • Ascent Other types of dives – • Seawater, Freshwater, Wreck, Cave, Night, Drift and Ice

16. Training and Certifications • Pre-open water certification – Open Water Certified • Non – professional certification – Advanced SCUBA diver and Master SCUBA diver • Professional – Divemaster, Skin-diving instructor, assistant instructor and Instructor • Specialties open to recreational divers – Underwater photography or videography, wreck diving, night diving, boat diving, ice diving, cavern diving, dry suit diving, Nitrox diving, search and recovery, career diver, etc.

17. Health and Safety Diving Hazards • How soon to fly after diving – old vs. new philisophy • DCS – Epidermal or cutaneous, muscular, joint and limb pain and neuroligical • Hypothermia • Hyperthermia • Cramps • Overexertion • Nitrogen Narcosis • Overexertion • Nitrogen Narcosis • Carbon monoxide poisoning • Gastrointestinal barotrauma • Heart problems • Ear infections • Nosebleeds • Breathing problems • Dehydration • Diving while pregnant

18. Dive Sites • United States: The Hawaiian Islands, Florida Keys, Catalina Island, California and many oceans, rivers, lakes and quarries

19. Statistics • About 22 million divers world wide (2013) • Top 6 states for SCUBA certification: Florida, California, Hawaii, Texas, Illinois and New York

20. Web sites for SCUBA access, research and resources • PADI (Professional Association of Diving Instructors)- http://www.padi.com • DAN (Divers Alert Network) - http://www.diversalertnetwork.org • NAUI (National Association of Underwater Instructors)- http://www.naui.com • The Ultimate SCUBA source - http://www.scubasearch.com • About SCUBA diving - http://scuba.about.com • Joe Diver America - http://www.joediveramerica.com

21. Crew OptionsColumbia SCUBA • Open Water Training • 5 Sessions: 2-hours classroom/2-hours pool • CA Swim Center at Wilde Lake (Thursdays) • “Open Water” Certification – 4 dives (two weekends) • Quarry or something fancier (Florida Keys/Bahamas?) • Required Gear • Mask/Fins/Snorkel/Weight Belt ~ $100-$200 • Costs • $295 per student for Open Water Training • $15-$20 per student for log book • $65 per group for a “Book Kit”

22. Crew Options - ContinuedColumbia SCUBA • Discover Scuba Splash Party • $25 per person • In-pool training with all equipment provided (2-2.5 hrs) • Private party possible if more than 6 participants • Need to allow 2 weeks notice • Scheduled Scuba Splash Parties • 5/22 • 7/24