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The Middle Ages

The Middle Ages. Mr. X Room 246 World History. Europe’s Geography. Diverse landscape, mountains, farmlands, coastal areas Navigable rivers Warmer climate from the - North Atlantic Drift. All this in a relatively small area. The Germanic Kingdoms. No Cities (small villages)

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The Middle Ages

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  1. The Middle Ages Mr. X Room 246 World History

  2. Europe’s Geography • Diverse landscape, mountains, farmlands, coastal areas • Navigable rivers • Warmer climate from the - North Atlantic Drift All this in a relatively small area

  3. The Germanic Kingdoms • No Cities (small villages) • No written laws (customs) • 400 - 700 A.D. Larger Kingdoms start to take shape • The Strongest of these Kingdoms was the Franks • In 481, Clovis, King of the Franks took over Gaul (France)

  4. The Germanic Kingdoms In 496, Clovis (a pagan) prayed to the Christian God for a victory…..he won……. On Christmas Day, he and 3,000 of his warriors were baptized Now Clovis had a new ally - The Roman Catholic Church

  5. The Germanic Kingdoms Charles Martel (686-741) The Hammer Charles Defeated the Muslims (Moors) at the Battle of Tours (732) keeping them out of Europe (other than Spain)

  6. Charlemagne 747 - 814 • King of the Franks • defeated • Lombards in N. Italy • Saxons in Germany • Muslims in S. France & N. Spain • Avars & Slavs in the East

  7. Charlemagne ……then in 800, Pope Leo III called on Charlemagne to help put down a rebellion of Roman Nobles Charlemagne came to the rescue.

  8. Charlemagne On Christmas Day 800, Pope Leo III crowned him, the…. HOLY ROMAN EMPEROR • united Christian Europe • tied Pope to western leaders • began a rife with Eastern Europe

  9. Charlemagne Controlled his huge Empire through nobles and land grants he sent out…. Royal messengers who kept tabs on 200 nobles missi domenici

  10. Charlemagne Built his capital….. ……Aachen, this was to be the 2nd Rome, and it was here that he established new schools with Latin as the model going forward

  11. Charlemagne • “Charles the Great” • Central Government • Spread Christianity • Model for future kingdoms • Education • Preserved records • Blended cultures

  12. Charlemagne Charlemagne dies in 814….. His son “Louis the Pious” rules from 814-840, when he died war between his 3 sons breaks out for 2 years

  13. Treaty of Verdun 843 Divides Charlemagne’s empire into three kingdoms This weaken Europe, and the three kingdoms later breakup even further

  14. 476 Rome Falls 1000 Leif Erikson & Vinland 481 to 511 Clovis 747 to 814 714 to 744 Charles Martel “the Hammer” 843 Treaty of Verdun Charlemagne

  15. After the Treaty of Verdun Outsiders (Vikings, Moors, etc.) see an opportunity with a weakened Europe Landowners start to become more self-sufficient Feudalism

  16. KING Feudalism Military money Powerful Lord Powerful Lord Powerful Lord Fiefs Protection Military money Lesser Lord Lesser Lord Lesser Lord Lesser Lord Lesser Lord Lesser Lord Fiefs Protection Labor fees right to farm Land Serf Serf Serf Serf Serf Serf Serf You Serf

  17. Feudalism Vocabulary Sheet • Feudalism - A political system that provided protection for it’s members. • Hierarchy – a group of people organized by rank. • Fief – A large feudal estate or farm.

  18. Feudalism Vocabulary Sheet • Vassal - A person under the protection of the feudal lord. • Oath of Fealty - an expression of loyalty to one’s lord. • Knight – An armed soldier who served a lord.

  19. Feudalism Vocabulary Sheet • Serf – A peasant bound to work the land of a lord. • Manor – a castle, fief, or estate of a lord. • Liege – Superior Lord vassal (# 1 Lord vassal is committed to). • Heraldry – designing family coats of arms, recording genealogy.

  20. Knighthood • Page – Sent off to learn basic skills and……. SERVE • Squire – Begin the real training • Knight – Held to the highest standard …honorable Chivalry

  21. Vikings Threatened Europe from 900 to 1100 • Only 3% of Norway is farmable • Longships were extremely versatile • Worked themselves up into a frenzy before battle Berserk

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