Chapter Resources

1. Chapter Resources Click on one of the following icons to go to that resource. earth.msscience.com Image Bank Foldables Video Clips and Animations Chapter Summary Chapter Review Questions Standardized Test Practice

2. earth.msscience.com

3. Image Bank Click on individual thumbnail images to view larger versions.

4. Image Bank Transfer Images • To transfer images to your own power point follow the following steps: • Open the “Resource” file from the CD-ROM disc – view the file in the “normal view” or “slide sorter view” mode - go to slide #2 – from there you can click through the images and follow these instructions. Click once on the image. • Copy the image • Go to your own power point document • Paste the image.

5. Image Bank Origin of Oceans

6. Image Bank Origin of Oceans

7. Image Bank Chart – Ocean Water

8. Image Bank Chart – Ocean Water

9. Image Bank Desalination Plants

10. Image Bank Surface Currents

11. Image Bank Upwelling

12. Image Bank Antarctica

13. Image Bank The Mediterranean Sea

14. Image Bank Describing Waves

15. Image Bank Waves Breaking on Sea Shore

16. Image Bank Waves in the Middle of the Ocean

17. Image Bank High Tide

18. Image Bank Low Tide

19. Image Bank The Gravitational Effect of the Moon

20. Image Bank The Gravitational Effect of the Sun

21. Image Bank The Gravitational Effect of the Sun

22. Foldables Ocean Motion Make the following Foldable to help you understand the cause-and-effect relationship of ocean motion.

23. Foldables Fold a vertical sheet of paper in half from top to bottom.

24. Foldables Fold in half from side to side with the previous fold at the top.

25. Foldables Unfold the paper once. Cut only the fold of the top flap to make two tabs.

26. Foldables Turn the paper vertically and label the front tabs as shown.

27. Foldables Identify Questions As you read the chapter, write what you learn about why the ocean moves and the effects of ocean motion under the appropriate tabs.

28. Video Clips Click image to view movie.

29. Reviewing Main Ideas 1 Ocean Water • Earth’s ocean water might have originated from water vapor released from volcanoes. Over millions of years, the water condensed and rain fell, filling basins. • The oceans are a mixture of water, dissolved salts, and dissolved gases. • Ions are added to ocean water by rivers, volcanic eruptions, and the atmosphere. When seawater is evaporated, these ions combine to form salts.

30. Reviewing Main Ideas 2 Ocean Currents • Wind causes surface currents. Surface currents are affected by the Coriolis effect. • Cool currents off western coasts originate far from the equator. Warmer currents along eastern coasts begin near the equator. • Differences in temperature and salinity between water masses in the oceans set up circulation patterns called density currents.

31. Reviewing Main Ideas 3 Ocean Waves and Tides • A wave is a rhythmic movement that carries energy. • In a wave, energy moves forward while water molecules move around in small circles. • Wind causes water to pile up and form waves. Tides are caused by gravitational forces.

32. Chapter Review Question 1 What are the most abundant elements in seawater? Answer Hydrogen and oxygen that make up the water are the most abundant elements in seawater.

33. Chapter Review Question 2 The highest point of a wave is the _________. A. amplitude B. crest C. trough D. wavelength

34. Chapter Review Answer The answer is B. The trough is the lowest point of the wave.

35. Chapter Review Question 3 The rise and fall in sea level is a __________, caused by a giant wave produced by the gravitational pull of the Sun and Moon. A. current B. crest C. range D. tide

36. Chapter Review Answer The answer is D. Although the wave causing the tide has a height of only 1-2 m, its wavelength is thousands of kilometers long.

37. Chapter Review Question 4 What is the difference between the ocean levels at high and low tides called? Answer This difference is called the tidal range. Most shorelines have tidal ranges of 1-2 meters, but there are places with tidal ranges greater than 10 m.

38. Chapter Review Question 5 The bulges in ocean water caused by the gravitation pull of the Moon are the __________ tides. A. early B. high C. low D. short

39. Chapter Review Answer The answer is B. These bulges in ocean water are the high tides.

40. Standardized Test Practice Question 1 What percentage of the dissolved salts in ocean water do chloride and sodium ions comprise? A. 3.5 B. 30.6 C. 55.0 D. 85.6

41. Standardized Test Practice Answer The answer is D. Chloride and sodium are the two most abundant ions of the dissolved salts in ocean water.

42. Standardized Test Practice Question 2 What type of facility does the diagram illustrate?

43. Standardized Test Practice • desalination plant • B. greenhouse • C. solar heat collector • D. tidal power plant

44. Standardized Test Practice Answer The answer is A. This desalination plant uses solar energy to produce freshwater.

45. Standardized Test Practice Question 3 Which major surface current affected sailing ships traveling between the United States and England?

46. Standardized Test Practice A. Equatorial Counter B. Gulf Stream C. Labrador Current D. West Wind Drift

47. Standardized Test Practice Answer The answer is B. The Caribbean Sea and the Gulf of Mexico are the source of the Gulf Stream current.

48. Standardized Test Practice Question 4 Which type of ocean current does the diagram illustrate? A. Coriolis B. density C. surface D. upwelling

49. Standardized Test Practice Answer The answer is D. Upwellings bring deep water to the ocean surface.

50. Standardized Test Practice Question 5 What does “A” show in the diagram? A. crest B. frequency C. trough D. wavelength