1 / 53

1920’S

1920’S. “THE JAZZ AGE”. RED SCARE. CZAR NICHOLAS II LOST HIS POPULARITY VLADIMIR I. LENIN TOOK POWER 1917 REFERRED TO AS THE BOLSHEVIK REVOLUTION/GOVERNMENT FARMS, INDUSTRIES, LAND, AND TRANSPORTATION BECAME GOVERNMENT OWNED. COMMUNISM.

whitney
Download Presentation

1920’S

An Image/Link below is provided (as is) to download presentation Download Policy: Content on the Website is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use and may not be sold / licensed / shared on other websites without getting consent from its author. Content is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use only. Download presentation by click this link. While downloading, if for some reason you are not able to download a presentation, the publisher may have deleted the file from their server. During download, if you can't get a presentation, the file might be deleted by the publisher.

E N D

Presentation Transcript

  1. 1920’S “THE JAZZ AGE”

  2. RED SCARE • CZAR NICHOLAS II LOST HIS POPULARITY • VLADIMIR I. LENIN TOOK POWER 1917 • REFERRED TO AS THE BOLSHEVIK REVOLUTION/GOVERNMENT • FARMS, INDUSTRIES, LAND, AND TRANSPORTATION BECAME GOVERNMENT OWNED

  3. COMMUNISM • LENIN MADE COMMUNISM THE OFFICIAL IDEOLOGY OF THE SOVIET UNION • COMMUNISM: 1) GOVT. OWNS ALL LAND/PROPERTY 2) SINGLE POL. PARTY CONTROLS GOV. 3) INDIVIDUALS HAVE NO RIGHTS 4) GOV. VOWS TO STIR UP OTHER REVOLUTIONS IN OTHER COUNTRIES TO SPREAD COMMUNISM

  4. RED SCARE • AMERICANS CALLED FOR KNOWN COMMUNISTS TO BE JAILED OR DEPORTED • PALMER RAIDS: • ARREST SUSPECTED COMMUNISTS—Many were immigrants and were sent back to their home country—most were innocent • REACTIONS TO PALMER RAIDS?

  5. SACCO AND VANZETTI • APRIL 15, 1920 – GUNMEN ROBBED AND KILLED A GUARD OF A SHOE FACTORY IN MASS. • POLICE ARRESTED TWO ITALIAN IMMIGRANTS IN CONNECTION WITH THE CRIME • NICOLA SACCO AND BARTOLOMEO VANZETTI WERE CARRYING GUNS WHEN THEY WERE ARRESTED • GUN MATCHED THE ONE USED IN THE CRIME • MANY SUSPECTED THE REASON THEY WERE ARRESTED WAS BECAUSE? • They were immigrants • CONVICTED, APPEALED, CONVICTION UPHELD • 1927: Electric Chair

  6. SACCO AND VANZETTI

  7. LABOR STRIKES OF 1919 • BOSTON POLICE STRIKES OF 1919: 19 OFFICERS FIRED FOR UNION ACTIVITY, WHOLE DEPARTMENT WENT ON STRIKE • RESULT OF A POLICE STRIKE: Riot • STRIKERS WERE REPRIMANDED BY THE GOVERNMENT

  8. STEEL AND COAL STRIKES • STEELWORKERS IN GARY, IN • THE CORPORATION’S PRIVATE POLICE FORCE KILLED 18 STRIKERS AND BEAT HUNDREDS MORE • STRIKES DROPPED IN THE EARLY 20’S DUE TO BOOMING ECONOMY AND WAGE INCREASES

  9. FEATURES OF REPUBLICAN ADMINISTRATIONS OF THE 1920’S • SUPPORTED BUSINESSES • WANTED SOCIAL STABILITY THAT WOULD PROMOTE ECONOMIC GROWTH

  10. SIMILARITIES REPUBLICANS BELIEVED IN ISOLATIONISM 3) NATIVIST DIFFERENCES COOLIDGE FAVORED SMALLER FEDERAL GOVERNMENT 2) LAISSEZ FAIRE-Coolidge HARDING AND COOLIDGE PRESIDENCIES HARDING: “GETTING BACK TO NORMALCY” COOLIDGE: “THE BUSINESS OF THE AMERICAN PEOPLE IS BUSINESS

  11. TEAPOT DOME SCANDAL • HARDING SCANDAL • 1921-1922 HARDING’S SECRETARY OF THE INTERIOR (ALBERT FALL) GAVE OIL DRILLING RIGHTS ON GOVERNMENT OIL FIELDS IN TEAPOT DOME, WYOMING TO TWO PRIVATE OIL CO. • ALBERT FALL RECEIVED $300,000 IN ILLEGAL PAYMENTS (JAIL)

  12. VICE PRESIDENT TAKES OVER • Warren G. Harding suffered a heart attack on August 2, 1923 • Calvin Coolidge took office • Coolidge ran again in 1924 and won • “Keep Cool With Coolidge” • Laissez-faire policy led to a great economic boom and a growth in consumer economy

  13. KELLOGG-BRIAND PACT *15 NATIONS AGREED NOT TO USE THE THREAT OF WAR IN THEIR DEALINGS OF ONE ANOTHER *UNREALISTIC, FAILURE

  14. II. BUSINESS BOOM

  15. GROWTH OF A CONSUMER • 1914-1926: AVERAGE WAGE ROSE MORE THAN 28%, # OF MILLIONAIRES DOUBLED • CONSUMER ECONOMY: ECONOMY THAT DEPENDS ON A LARGE AMOUNT OF BUYING

  16. CONSUMER ECONOMY • INSTALLMENT PLAN… • BY 1929: AMERICANS WERE USING THE INSTALLMENT PLAN TO BUY ALMOST EVERYTHING • BUYING GOODS ON CREDIT • DO WE USE CREDIT TODAY TO BUY GOODS? • AVERAGE CREDIT CARD DEBT OF AN AMERICAN FAMILY IS $8,700 IN 2008 • In 2008, the American public owes 2.6 trillion dollars in consumer debt

  17. HENRY FORD • 1907: FORD SOLD 30,000 MODEL T’s • Wanted more… cheaper… • IMPROVED ASSLY. LINE EFFICIENCY ** • ONE MODEL-T EVERY 24 SECONDS • PRICE IN 1910: $1000 • PRICE IN 1914: $490 See page 348-349 and page 350—MME sheet

  18. BUSINESS BOOM OF THE 1920’S • REASONS: 1) DEVELOPMENT OF A CONSUMER ECONOMY 2) BUYING ON INSTALLMENT PLANS 3) GROWTH OF AUTOMOBILE, STEEL, OIL, ELECTRICAL INDUSTRIES 4) USE OF THE ASSEMBLY LINE 5) LAISSEZ-FAIRE POLICIES

  19. III. SOCIETY IN THE 1920’S

  20. CHANGE’S IN WOMEN • FLAPPER: A NEW TYPE OF WOMAN: YOUNG, REBELLIOUS, FUN LOVING, BOLD • FLAPPER IMAGE: SHORTER DRESSES, SHORT HAIR, WEARING MAKE-UP

  21. WOMEN WORKING AND VOTING • STATUS CHANGED VERY LITTLE DURING THE 1920’S • But women were becoming more social • FIRST WOMAN ELECTED TO THE CONGRESS AND GOVERNOR IN THE 1920’S • VOTER TURN OUT WITH WOMEN WAS LOW IN THE 20’S

  22. POPULATION CHANGES • DEMOGRAPHICS: STATISTICS THAT DESCRIBE A POPULATION • MAJOR CHANGE = 6 MILLION MOVED FROM RURAL AREAS TO CITIES • AFRICAN-AMERICANS STILL LIVING IN THE SOUTH (LOOKING TO MOVE NORTH B/C RACIAL TENSIONS) • Page 355 in text book • FRENCH SPEAKING CANADIANS TRAVELED TO NEW ENGLAND TO WORK • LOS ANGELES BECAME A MAGNET FOR MEXICANS AND DEVELOPED A DISTINCT BARRIO (SPANISH-SPEAKING NEIGHBORHOOD)

  23. DEMOGRAPHICS • GROWTH OF THE SUBURBS: AMERICAN SUBURBS EXPLODED • ELECTRIC TROLLEYS, RAILWAY CARS, AUTOMOBILES, BUSES

  24. AMERICAN HEROES • CHARLES LINDBERGH: FIRST FLIGHT OVER THE ATLANTIC 1927 (Spirit of St. Louis) NEW YORK TO PARIS

  25. AMELIA EARHART • FLEW ACROSS ATLANTIC IN 1932 • FLEW SOLO FROM HAWAII TO CALIFORNIA • 1937: ATTEMPTED TO FLY AROUND THE WORLD (DISAPPEARED IN PACIFIC)

  26. SPORTS HEROES • BOXERS: JACK DEMPSEY, GEORGES CARPENTIER • BASEBALL: GEORGE HERMAN “BABE” RUTH • OLYMPICS: GERTRUDE EDERLE (SWIMMING) ENGLISH CHANNEL

  27. DEMPSEY

  28. RUTH

  29. EDERLE

  30. IV. MEDIA AND THE JAZZ AGE

  31. GROWTH OF THE MASS MEDIA • MASS MEDIA: FILMS, NATIONWIDE NEWS, RADIO BROADCASTING, NEWSPAPER • HOLLYWOOD WAS BORN

  32. MOVIES • BETWEEN 1922-1930 THE # OF PEOPLE ATTENDING MOTION PICTURES ROSE FROM 40 MILLION TO 90 MILLION PER WEEK (125% INCREASE) • THE JAZZ SINGER “Talkies” vs. Silent movies

  33. NEWSPAPERS • 1920-1930: CIRCULATION ROSE 42% • THE NEW YORK TIMES • SAN FRANCISCO EXAMINER • NEW YORK JOURNAL • Helped Create a Common Culture

  34. RADIO • 1920-1930: HOUSEHOLDS WITH A RADIO ROSE FROM 20,000 TO 13,750,000 • NBC BORN

  35. FIGURES OF THE JAZZ AGE • Radio combined with the great African American migration to the cities to produce another highlight of the 1920’s : JAZZ • Louis Armstrong • Duke Ellington • George Gershwin (Rhapsody in Blue)

  36. DUKE ELLINGTON

  37. Louis Armstrong

  38. LOST GENERATION • SET OF WRITERS DURING THE 1920’S • BELIEF THAT THEY WERE LOST IN A GREEDY, MATERIALISTIC WORLD THAT LACKED MORAL VALUES • MANY LEFT THE COUNTRY • ERNEST HEMINGWAY, F. SCOTT FITZGERALD (GREAT GATSBY)

  39. HARLEM RENAISSANCE • 1914-1930: HARLEM GREW FROM 14,000 TO 200,000 AFRICAN AMERICANS • HARLEM BECAME A NATIONAL CENTER FOR JAZZ AND LITERARY WORKS • Langston Huges: Most studied African American Poet: “I, Too,” 1926

  40. CULTURAL CONFLICTS • 1920: 18TH AMENDMENT-PROHIBITION • 1919 VOLSTEAD ACT: PASSED TO ENFORCE PROHIBITION (95% OF PEOPLE IN KANSAS OBEYED THE LAW, 5% OF PEOPLE IN N.Y. OBEYED THE LAW) • BOOTLEGGERS: SUPPLIERS OF ILLEGAL ALCOHOL (SMUGGLED FROM CARIBBEAN OR CANADA) (OTHERS MADE IT)

  41. SPEAKEASIES • ILLEGAL BARS • BOOTLEGGERS PROVIDED THEM WITH ALCOHOL

  42. RESULTS OF PROHIBITION • ORGANIZED CRIME • LARGE ORGANIZATIONS WERE FORMED BY CRIMINALS THAT CONTROLLED THE DISTRIBUTION OF ALCOHOL • BOOTLEGGERS OFTEN EXPANDED INTO OTHER ILLEGAL ACTIVITIES

  43. AL CAPONE • MOST NOTORIOUS GANGSTER ORGANIZATIONS WERE IN CHICAGO • TOP OF CHICAGO’S ORGANIZED CRIME NETWORK WAS AL CAPONE (“SCARFACE”) • PAID OFF POLICE, POLITICIANS, JUDGES • 1931: CONVICTED OF TAX EVASION, SENT TO PRISON

  44. St. Valentine’s Day Massacre

  45. FUNDAMENTALISM • SET OF RELIGIOUS BELIEFS INCLUDING TRADITIONAL CHRISTIAN IDEAS • BASED ON INTERPRETATION OF THE BIBLE

  46. SCOPES TRIAL • EVOLUTION: HUMAN BEINGS DEVELOPED OVER TIME FROM SIMPLE LIFE FORMS • ILLEGAL TO TEACH IN PUBLIC SCHOOLS • TEACHER JOHN SCOPES ASKED A FRIEND TO FILE SUIT AGAINST HIM • HUGE TRIAL (BROADCAST OVER AMERICAN RADIO) • William Jennings Bryan: Prosecutor • Clarence Darrow: Defendant • Trial held in Dayton, TN • GUILTY ($100 FINE) • BIGGER ISSUES SUCH AS FUNDAMENTALISM VS. SCIENCE WERE EXPOSED AND DISCUSSED

More Related